Apple tree Surkhurai

Apple tree Surkhurai
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Yashchemskaya (NIISS named after M.A.Lisavenko)
  • Taste: sweet and sour
  • Scent: weak
  • Fruit weight, g: 55-100
  • Yield: at the age of 4 years harvest - 13.7 kg, 12 years old - 55 kg
  • The beginning of fruiting varieties: for 4 years
  • Ripening terms: summer
  • Removable maturity: in the second decade of August
  • Keeping quality: up to 40 days
  • Duration of the consumer period: until the end of September
View all specifications

Apple tree Surkhurai (aka Zarya Altai) - sounds mysterious and romantic. However, for gardeners, it is much more important to understand the practical nuances of this variety. And also it is required to clarify how you can grow this culture according to your requirements.

Breeding history of the variety

Botanical development was carried out at the N.I. Lisavenko. The selection was carried out by I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Yashchemskaya (at the end of the 1990s). The experimental station was located near Gorno-Altaysk. The varieties Gornoaltayskoye and Phoenix Altaysky were taken as a basis. Since 2007, this apple tree has been included in the national register of varieties, attributed to the elite group.

Description of the variety

Features, pros and cons

The only weakness of the Surkhurai culture is freezing in the coldest winters (but only to a limited extent). The positive aspects are:

  • general decent winter hardiness;

  • excellent fertility;

  • decent taste.

The height of the apple trees reaches 3.5 m. The crown is compact, has a rounded shape and is not too thick in its structure. Branches are retracted from the trunk at almost right angles. Shoots are of medium thickness. They are characterized by pubescence and the presence of small lentils.

Branches are covered with brown or brownish-brown bark. Leaves are of moderate size. They are characterized by a green or light green color. The root system branches very strongly. It is ideally adapted to finding water.

Ripening and fruiting

Apples ripen in summer. Ripeness for picking is reached in the third decade of August. Then the collection continues almost until the end of September. The very first fruits appear on the 4th year of development. The removed apples can be stored for up to 60 days.

Yield

A four-year-old apple tree yields 13.7 kg of fruit. At the age of 12, this figure rises to 55 kg. According to other sources, up to 50 kg of apples are harvested per year on average for the entire cultivation period. This is quite a decent indicator even for the newest varieties.

Fruits and their taste

Surkhurai apples have a universal purpose. They always have a golden yellow base. The integumentary striped part has a crimson color. The fruit is characterized by a flat-rounded geometric shape. The rind is thin and dense and has an oily appearance.

Other features:

  • subtle surface points;

  • sweet and sour taste;

  • not too pronounced aroma;

  • keeping quality of apples up to 60 days;

  • the tasting test was passed by 4.4 points;

  • Surkhurai apples have a creamy, moderately firm flesh;

  • the share of sugar in fruits reaches 9.91%;

  • the concentration of acids is not more than 0.9%.

To obtain a bountiful harvest of fragrant apples, the garden must be periodically renewed by planting seedlings of productive and new varieties. The choice of an apple seedling must be approached with all responsibility, because low-quality planting material at best will not take root, and at worst it will die in the prime of years after numerous investments in its health and normal formation.

Growing features

Planting apple trees is a very important, troublesome and responsible business. Its survival and full-fledged fruiting depends on the correct procedure. Before planting, you need to choose the right planting material, determine the location and prepare the soil.
A successful grafting helps to solve a whole range of problems, first of all: to get the varieties of interest and save space on the site. The vaccination technique itself is not so difficult and even a novice summer resident can master it. Vaccinations can be done during the entire growing season.
Along with top dressing and pruning necessary for apple trees, watering is also a significant contribution to the correct development of the culture, and therefore to a high yield. Improper watering, carried out inopportunely, without enough water, can bring big trouble to the fruit tree.

Pollination

This variety is completely self-fertile. Healthy and strong trees will do everything for the gardeners themselves. The only task is to ensure this condition.

Top dressing

For this culture, the following can be used:

  • manure;

  • mineral complexes;

  • ammonium nitrate;

  • superphosphate;

  • compost;

  • humus.

An important point in caring for an apple tree in the open field is feeding and fertilizing. Top dressing of apple trees begins in early spring and ends in late autumn. Lack of nutrition leads not only to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop, but also reduces the immunity of the tree, making it more vulnerable to pests and diseases. And with the autumn procedure, the tree will be able to lay more fruit buds, which will have a positive effect on the future harvest.

Frost resistance

Surkhurai tolerates cold quite confidently, even at a temperature of -42 degrees. However, preparation for the winter must be carried out without fail. The roots can be damaged in severe frosts. The necessary protection is provided by mulching the trunk circle with peat or foliage. It is recommended to cover the trunk with spruce branches.

Despite the fact that apple trees are considered quite unpretentious plants, they still need proper autumn care. Timely preparation of trees for winter makes them more resistant to winter frosts, as well as increase future yields.

Diseases and pests

The variety confidently tolerates scab, powdery mildew and pit bitterness. Other pathologies are rare. With the onset of very strong plant epidemics, Surkhurai may get a little sick, but this ends soon. Further fruiting will continue as usual. Disease prevention involves prophylactic treatment with various drugs in accordance with the instructions.

The apple tree is a popular fruit crop among gardeners. It can be found in many summer cottages. But at the same time, such trees are often affected by various diseases. It is very important to recognize the disease in time and carry out the necessary procedures for a speedy recovery. Otherwise, the fruits will be spoiled, and the tree itself may die altogether.

Fruiting of aging trees, as well as the quality of the harvest, decreases. Therefore, if the tree is aging and there is a need to replace it, you need to think about how to propagate the apple tree so as not to lose the variety. For reproduction of an apple tree, several methods are used: by seeds, layering, eyes and cloning (budding).

Review overview

Gardeners' opinions about Surkhurai apple trees are favorable. They note:

  • the external beauty of the fruit;

  • small size of trees;

  • their high fertility;

  • annual fruiting;

  • the ability to use the crop both fresh and processed.

General characteristics
Authors
I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Yashchemskaya (NIISS named after M.A.Lisavenko)
Appeared when crossing
Gornoaltaiskiy x Phoenix Altai
Yield
at the age of 4 years harvest - 13.7 kg, 12 years - 55 kg
Transportability
Yes
Early maturity
early
Decorative
No
Wood
Height
3.5 m
Crown
compact, rounded, sparse
Leaves
medium, ovoid, green, wrinkled, matte
Branches
move away from the trunk at an angle close to a straight line
Escapes
medium thickness, straight, brown, pubescent, with small lenticels
Fruit
Appointment
universal
Coloration
main - golden yellow, integumentary - striped, crimson
Fruit shape
flat-rounded
Fruit weight, g
55-100
Skin
dense, smooth, oily
Subcutaneous points
medium, green, barely noticeable
Taste
sweet and sour
Pulp
creamy, medium density, delicate, fine-grained
Scent
weak
Composition
dry soluble substances - up to 12, 39%, sugars - up to 9.91%, acids - up to 0.9%, vitamin C - up to 11.8 mg%
Keeping quality
up to 40 days
Tasting assessment
4.4 points
Growing
Self-fertility
self-fertile
Growth type
medium-sized
Frost resistance, ° C
high
Landing distance, m
6 to 4
Scab resistance
high
Maturation
Ripening terms
summer
Removable maturity
in the second decade of August
Duration of the consumer period
until the end of September
The beginning of fruiting varieties
for 4 year
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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