Apple-tree Pervouralskaya

There is a fairly large number of frost-resistant varieties of apple trees, all of them differ in some special qualities. Consider the Pervouralskaya apple tree, note the peculiarities of the variety, the taste of fruits, yield, agrotechnical aspects and pollination.

Often, a larger number of apple varieties are intended for cultivation in the southern and western parts of Russia. But there are not so many varieties that would be favorable to grow in the Urals and Siberia. Therefore, the Sverdlovsk Experimental Gardening Station decided to tackle this issue, the work was carried out by the breeder Kotov L.A. , and immediately put it for field work in various Ural farms. And closer to the 2000s, the first harvests appeared. In 2004, the Pervouralskaya apple variety was included in the State Register. This variety is grown in any territory of Russia, except for the Far North and the Far East.

The height of the tree is small - only 3-4 meters, this classifies the variety as medium-sized crops or semi-dwarf trees. Many gardeners note that the growth of the trunk will largely depend on the region of cultivation and the length of daylight hours. It turns out that in northern latitudes the height of an apple tree can barely reach 2.5 m without special crown cutting.

The crown is oval, it is also widely oval. The older the apple tree, the more sprawling the skeletal branches will grow, while they may sink slightly. Thickening of the branches is average.

There is a lot of foliage on the branch. The leaves themselves are medium in size, oval with a noticeable pointed tip towards the end, dark green in color, with a pronounced section in the middle and with veins over the entire surface of the leaf. Foliage can curl from strong direct sunlight. The front plate is smooth, the back plate is rougher and matte. There are small notches along the edging.

Young shoots grow densely, close, from the tree trunk grow almost at right angles.

The bark is brown; in the shoots it is greenish-brown.

The root system does not go deep into the ground, it is branched, rapidly growing. Almost always looking for an additional source of moisture.

This hybrid has its positive aspects, they consist in the fact that the variety:

• stable and high yield percentage;

• excellent indicators of frost resistance;

• for many, it is also considered a plus that the tree is mostly semi-dwarf, and this makes it easier not only to harvest, but also to care for the crown;

• taste of apples.

The disadvantages include:

• the need for additional pollination;

• late terms of fruiting.

The hybrid is fast-growing, the first inflorescences can be produced already in the second year after planting in the ground, but such flowers should be plucked, not allowing them to fully develop. The first harvest is usually taken 4 years after planting.

Flowering begins in May, but here a lot depends on the region: for example, in the south, a set of flowers will begin in early May, but in the Urals - closer to the end of May.Flowering lasts approximately 2 weeks. Harvesting takes place at the end of September. And apples can be stored until May next year.

The first harvest is removed in 4-5 years, and it will be 5-15 kg. An adult apple tree under 10 years old will yield 60-80 kg, but more mature ones can yield up to 120 kg. Up to 200 centners per hectare are removed from large plantations.

The apples are large, weighing up to 150 g. They are round, uniform, sometimes flattened. Fruit ribbing is underdeveloped. The color is yellow-green with a pronounced blush.

The rind is dense, thickened. The surface is glossy, smooth, in some places there may be an oily coating.

The pulp is juicy, crispy, dense, creamy in shade, fine-grained. There is an apple flavor. Small seeds. The apples are sweet-sour to the taste, leaving a caramel aftertaste.

It is necessary to choose the right landing site. Although the hybrid is semi-dwarf, it still needs a lot of space, especially for the root system. It is advisable to avoid strong drafts, since young seedlings are just taking root.

The selected place is carefully checked for the presence of groundwater, because the root system of the Pervouralskaya apple tree is very strongly drawn to water, and the roots can begin to rot from excess moisture. Therefore, groundwater must flow at a depth of at least 2-2.5 m.

The soil should be loose, slightly acidic, sandy and loamy. If the site is dominated by clay, then the land around the seedling will need to be cultivated once every 2-4 weeks.

Water the apple tree abundantly four times a season. On average, up to 50 liters at a time, you need to water in the morning and evening. With this abundant watering, you can fertilize the soil around the trunk.

The formation of the crown also occupies one of the important places in the rules of agricultural technology. The first pruning takes place the next year after the seedling is planted in the ground. The central trunk must be shortened by 1/3, the skeletal branches must be cut by 7 cm. The pruning is done with a sharp pruner, and the cuts are processed with garden pitch.

During the season, the trunk is examined more than once for bark delamination. It could be sunburn or pests. In this case, the place where the bark has departed must be whitewashed. If this happens regularly, the entire trunk is whitewashed from the ground to the first lower branches.

The Pervouralskaya apple tree is partially self-fertile. This means that there are peduncles of both sexes. At the same time, for a larger harvest, it is necessary to plant pollinating varieties near this apple tree. For pollinating varieties, crops with the same flowering period are selected. It can be a Torch, Olympic flame, Aksen, Rosochka or Rodnikovaya.

Frost resistance of this variety is from -37 to -40 degrees. The hybrid perfectly tolerates prolonged frosts, especially when all preparations for winter have been correctly performed.

Although the main task of the breeder was to develop a variety that could easily survive the harsh winter, in practice it turns out that it is still necessary to cover the tree trunk.

The root collar must be protected by covering it with dry earth 10-13 cm or overlapping with straw. Then the trunk itself is wrapped with agrofibre or roofing felt, you can make a small tent around the trunk. This is necessary so that insects or rodents do not feast on wood for the winter.

Due to genetic ties, the Pervouralskaya apple tree has excellent tolerance for all types of scab. But for preventive work, it is still necessary to spray the tree at least twice a season.

Gardeners note that this variety has many pests, the most common are the scale insects and ants. The scabbard is fought with solutions of laundry soap. And with ants with a special tool "Thunder". They are sprayed with bark in the spring.