Apple tree Pepin saffron

Apple tree Pepin saffron
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: I. V. Michurin
  • Taste: wine-sweet
  • Scent: rich, spicy, subtle
  • Fruit weight, g: 70-100
  • Fruit size: average
  • Yield: 35-50 kg from 1 tree
  • Frequency of fruiting: annual
  • The beginning of fruiting varieties: for 3-5 years
  • Ripening terms: winter
  • Removable maturity: August 15 - September 10
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Saffron Pepin is a great option for gardeners who value old, time-tested winter varieties. The variety has a number of positive properties, has long been cultivated almost throughout the country. However, in order to achieve the highest yields, it is important to adhere to a number of simple rules for growing it.

Breeding history of the variety

This magnificent apple variety was obtained by I. Michurin back in 1907 by crossing the Reneth of Orleans and hybrid species - Pepinka Lithuanian and Kitayka Zolotoy. He remained the best variety from the list of varieties obtained by the great scientist. It was produced in the Tambov region, in the city of Michurinsk, and after a few years it also conquered other territories of the country. Pepin was entered into the State Register in 1947 as a species intended for cultivation in most of Russia. Nowadays, it is classified as a popular culture both in our country and in the CIS countries.

Pepin has become widespread in both industrial and amateur gardening. On its basis, more than 20 other varieties have been obtained (Gorno-Altayskoye, Osennyaya joy, Vishnevaya and others).

Description of the variety

The trees are medium-sized, growing up to 2.5-3.5 m. Up to 5-7 years, their crowns are spherical, but later they become wide-rounded, with shoots dropping almost to the ground. Dense crowns require regular pruning.

Shoots are elongated, not thick, with a greenish-gray color and a slight superficial bloom. The pubescence is pronounced, noticeable and well felt when touched. The leaf blades are medium in size (5-7 cm), emerald tone, and the tips of the leaves are pointed and heavily pubescent.

Flowering is represented by small white flowers grouped in modest inflorescences. During the flowering period, apple trees become a real decoration of any garden.

Features, pros and cons

The peculiarities of the culture mainly lie in its merits and the specifics of cultivation. The pluses of Pepin include:

  • stable and rich fruiting;
  • a high degree of self-fertility;
  • excellent regenerating qualities that provide trees with a high degree of survival after pruning or frost;
  • excellent commercial properties of fruits;
  • reliability of crop transportation;
  • high breeding value.

Of the shortcomings, we note:

  • the tendency of fruits to shrink (for this, timely pruning is necessary);
  • weak level of scab resistance;
  • a decrease in the taste of apples associated with the age of the plants;
  • shattering of ripe fruits, especially with sharp temperature fluctuations and winds;
  • medium resistance to moth attacks.

Ripening and fruiting

The trees begin to bloom from the beginning of June. Although Pepin is considered a self-fertile variety, the presence of cross-pollination can significantly increase its yield.

On traditional seed stocks, the culture begins to bear fruit at 3-5 years of growth, but when grown on dwarf stocks, fruits appear at 2-3 years of growth.

The culture is classified as a winter species - the removable maturity of apples falls on the period from 15.08 to 10.09.

Yield

Pepin brings wonderful harvests every year. Usually one young tree gives up to 35-50 kg, and after 10 years of growth, the yield already reaches 170-190 kg. Record harvests are 200-220 kg of apples, which can be obtained in September.

Fruits and their taste

Pepin's fruits are intensely sweet, with a delicate grape aroma.The crispy texture is medium in density, with a creamy shade. Fruits are medium-sized (70-100 g), rounded, slightly flattened. The skin of the fruit is dense.

Outwardly, the fruit is very attractive for its smooth, yellowish and shiny skin with a bright blush. Experts-tasters rate the taste properties of Pepin at 4.75-4.85 points - almost excellent.

In addition to excellent taste, there are also long shelf life of apples, reaching 230 days, almost until spring. To this we add that storage improves the taste of the fruit.

To obtain a bountiful harvest of fragrant apples, the garden must be periodically renewed by planting seedlings of productive and new varieties. The choice of an apple seedling must be approached with all responsibility, because low-quality planting material at best will not take root, and at worst it will die in the prime of years after numerous investments in its health and normal formation.

Growing features

Productive cultivation of a variety is characterized by a number of features that are important to consider.

After Pepin's disembarkation, a long period of agro-care starts, which includes watering, feeding and pruning the young. Each of these activities is characterized by certain features that contribute to the normal development of trees, obtaining a good harvest.

  1. Watering. The first years after planting, young growth requires regular moistening - most often it is once a week, 10-15 liters of water per tree. The required level of watering is determined by means of a simple test, squeezing a clod of earth in your hand - if the clod crumbles when the hand is relaxed, then watering is necessary. Subsequently, the frequency of watering is reduced to 2 times a month (with light rainfall) or up to 4 times on dry days. In August, plant moisture is stopped, and pre-winter irrigation is carried out by the end of November, when the soil is moistened by 0.7–1 m. This increases the plant's winter hardiness and protects the roots.
  2. Fertilizer. Attention should be paid to the composition of the substrate, since the plant is extremely sensitive to the lack of nutrients. Only with regular feeding can you expect a good harvest. The soil should be fertilized systematically, adhering to a certain fertilization scheme. In the spring, an aqueous solution of guano (1: 15) is useful, about 8 liters per tree. After the ovaries have fallen off, the tree is fertilized with slurry mixed in water (1: 3), about 10 liters per plant. In September, the culture is fed with manure (5 kg per 1 m² of the near-stem space) or compost is used (7 kg per 1 m²). After adding these consistencies, the soil is once again irrigated, loosened and mulched.
  3. Trimming and shaping the crown. It is performed both in the fall and in the spring (April). In the first year of growth, the center of the plant is shortened by 2 buds, the remaining branches are cut by 2/3. Over the next 3-4 years, the crown is thinned out, having previously marked the skeletal branches, eliminating weakened and deformed shoots. In the same period, branches are trimmed into a ring, located at the trunk at 45 ° or 90 °, and the largest dimensions of the remaining hemp should be no more than 10 mm. After 5 years of growth, sanitary pruning is done with the elimination of dried branches and elements that thicken the crown. For plants older than 7 years, the top of the head is removed - this will limit the growth of trees.
Planting apple trees is a very important, troublesome and responsible business. Its survival and full-fledged fruiting depends on the correct procedure. Before planting, you need to choose the right planting material, determine the location and prepare the soil.
A successful grafting helps to solve a whole range of problems, first of all: to get the varieties of interest and save space on the site. The vaccination technique itself is not so difficult and even a novice summer resident can master it.Vaccinations can be done during the entire growing season.
Along with top dressing and pruning necessary for apple trees, watering is also a significant contribution to the correct development of the culture, and therefore to a high yield. Improper watering, carried out inopportunely, without enough water, can bring big trouble to the fruit tree.

Pollination

Self-pollination is the advantage of a plant, even if there are no apple trees around it, a large proportion of flowers in any case gives fruitful ovaries. With the use of cross-pollination, the level of fruiting increases dramatically. Excellent pollinators for Pepin are Antonovka, Kalvil Snezhny and Slavyanka. Effective pollination is possible at a distance of about 50 m or more.

An important point in caring for an apple tree in the open field is feeding and fertilizing. Top dressing of apple trees begins in early spring and ends in late autumn. Lack of nutrition leads not only to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop, but also reduces the immunity of the tree, making it more vulnerable to pests and diseases. And with the autumn procedure, the tree will be able to lay more fruit buds, which will have a positive effect on the future harvest.

Frost resistance

The level of frost resistance of Pepin in the central climatic zone is average, this deficiency is more than compensated for by the self-healing of trees. So, frozen trees that endure frosts from -25 to -30 ° C can effectively recover and bear fruit productively in a number of years. With prolonged exposure to severe frosts, it will be necessary to shorten the frozen shoots by 1/3.

Despite the fact that apple trees are considered quite unpretentious plants, they still need proper autumn care. Timely preparation of trees for winter makes them more resistant to winter frosts, as well as increase future yields.

Diseases and pests

The culture is poorly protected from various problems that arise during growth, often susceptible to widespread damage from diseases and attacks of insect pests. Scab, powdery mildew, cytosporosis, moth often appear. The fight against them is carried out in standard ways.

The apple tree is a popular fruit crop among gardeners. It can be found in many summer cottages. But at the same time, such trees are often affected by various diseases. It is very important to recognize the disease in time and carry out the necessary procedures for a speedy recovery. Otherwise, the fruits will be spoiled, and the tree itself may die altogether.

Fruiting of aging trees, as well as the quality of the harvest, decreases. Therefore, if the tree is aging and there is a need to replace it, you need to think about how to propagate the apple tree so as not to lose the variety. For reproduction of an apple tree, several methods are used: by seeds, layering, eyes and cloning (budding).
General characteristics
Authors
I. V. Michurin
Appeared when crossing
Renet (Ranet) Orleans x hybrid Pepinka Lithuanian x Kitayka
Yield
35-50 kg from 1 tree
Transportability
Yes
Early maturity
high
Decorative
Yes
Wood
Height
2.5-3.5 m
Crown
broadly spreading, rounded, dense, requiring regular thinning
Leaves
small, oval in shape with an elongated sharp tip, matte, grayish due to strong pubescence
Branches
drooping
Escapes
long, thin, greenish with a gray bloom, heavily pubescent
Fruit
Appointment
universal
Coloration
greenish yellow, with a washed out dark red blush, dark stripes and strokes
Fruit shape
round-conical, with very weak ribbing, symmetrical, deep funnel
Fruit weight, g
70-100
Fruit size
average
Skin
smooth, dense
Subcutaneous points
an abundance of small, white subcutaneous dots
Taste
wine-sweet
Pulp
creamy, dense, juicy
Scent
rich, spicy, subtle
Composition
the sum of sugars - 11.6%, titratable acidity - 0.57%, dry matter - 14.0% for raw matter, ascorbic acid - 14.2 mg / 100 g, P-active catechins - 167.4 mg / 100 g
Keeping quality
until February-March
Crumbling
without pruning the tree, the fruits become smaller and prone to shedding
Growing
Self-fertility
self-fertile
Growth type
medium-sized
Growing regions
most of Russia, northern and mountainous regions of Scandinavia
Frost resistance, ° C
average
Location
open ground
Landing distance, m
1-1.5 m
Disease and pest resistance
strongly affected by powdery mildew
Scab resistance
2.7 points
Resistance to the codling moth
average
Maturation
Ripening terms
winter
Removable maturity
August 15-September 10
The beginning of fruiting varieties
for 3-5 years
Frequency of fruiting
annual
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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