Apple tree Golden Delicious

Apple tree Golden Delicious
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: America, East Virginia
  • Taste: sweet, dessert
  • Scent: strong
  • Fruit weight, g: 140-170
  • Yield: at the age of 7 years the yield is up to 250-300 c / ha, 18-23 years - 230 c / ha
  • The beginning of fruiting varieties: for 2-3 years
  • Ripening terms: winter
  • Removable maturity: at the end of September
  • Keeping quality: up to 6 months
  • Appointment: universal
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Golden Delicious is a favorite variety for gardeners, because apple trees bear fruit with a beautiful appearance and good taste. They have many positive characteristics, including resistance to various climatic conditions.

Breeding history

The variety first appeared in America, in East Virginia. He was not taken out on purpose. Officially, these apple trees were noted in 1890 and began to rapidly spread and be used for breeding. Quite quickly, the variety moved to Europe, and then to the territory of the Russian Federation.

Description of the variety

The trees are of medium size, in some cases they can grow a little taller. Young apple trees have a cone-shaped crown, on fruit-bearing crops you can see a wide-round crown with dense branches, which is well leafy. The fruits are heavy and taste good. Their number depends on what the climatic conditions and care were.

Features, pros and cons

Apple trees have many advantages:

  • plants have good resistance to various common diseases;
  • the variety is not afraid of low temperatures;
  • apple growers boast a bountiful harvest;
  • fruiting begins early;
  • the fruits are beautiful and tasty;
  • fruits can be stored for a long time.

But there are also some disadvantages:

  • the tree needs pollinators;
  • fruiting can be periodic;
  • the culture does not tolerate droughts;
  • the plant needs regular pruning, otherwise the apples will be small.

Ripening and fruiting

The beginning of fruiting of the early-growing variety is 2–3 years after the seedling is planted in the ground. In subsequent years, if growing conditions are unfavorable, the tree may bear fruit intermittently. Fruit should be removed at the end of September.

Growing regions

Many gardeners would like to have a not too whimsical and productive variety. Most often, apple trees are grown in the southern states of the CIS and in the south of Russia. The northern and cold territories are an unfavorable place for growing Golden Delicious, but you can plant a crop there, if you do it on a frost-resistant rootstock.

Yield

Golden Delicious is a fairly productive variety, thanks to which many people fell in love with it. 7 years after planting, about 250-300 c / ha can be harvested. In 18–23 years, apple trees will produce about 230 c / ha.

Fruits and their taste

Apples have a golden-light green color and rounded-conical shape, weigh about 140-170 g. The skin is dry and rather dense, with gray subcutaneous cork punctures. The pulp is greenish (when removed), very juicy and dense, with a sweet dessert taste and a strong pleasant aroma.

The fruits are universal, which indicates the possibility of using them not only fresh, but also for the preparation of various dishes and drinks. They can be stored for up to 6 months, they do not crumble from trees.

To obtain a bountiful harvest of fragrant apples, the garden must be periodically renewed by planting seedlings of productive and new varieties. The choice of an apple seedling must be approached with all responsibility, because low-quality planting material at best will not take root, and at worst it will die in the prime of years after numerous investments in its health and normal formation.

Growing features

Despite the unpretentiousness of the culture, you should be aware of some of the nuances of its cultivation in order to get a high-quality harvest annually. The cultivar needs fertile soil and sunlight.

Planting apple trees is a very important, troublesome and responsible business. Its survival and full-fledged fruiting depends on the correct procedure. Before planting, you need to choose the right planting material, determine the location and prepare the soil.
A successful grafting helps to solve a whole range of problems, first of all: to get the varieties of interest and save space on the site. The vaccination technique itself is not so difficult and even a novice summer resident can master it. Vaccinations can be done during the entire growing season.
Along with top dressing and pruning necessary for apple trees, watering is also a significant contribution to the correct development of the culture, and therefore to a high yield. Improper watering, carried out inopportunely, without enough water, can bring big trouble to the fruit tree.

Pollination

Golden Delicious is a non-self-fertile variety. In order for its fruits to be tied and formed, pollinating varieties should be planted next to it. These are:

  • Wagner Prize;
  • Delicious spur;
  • Jonathan;
  • Kuban spur.

Top dressing

Apple trees are fertilized every season throughout their life. In the spring, fertilizers are necessary to awaken trees from hibernation, as well as to strengthen their immunity. In the summertime, the lack of nutrients that were used in the process of apple formation is replenished. In the fall, the crop is fed to increase its resistance to bad weather conditions and low temperatures.

How much fertilizer should be applied depends on the age of the plant. At 1 year old, the apple tree does not need feeding if it is planted in a fertilized pit. Next spring, you need to feed it with urea (70 g per 10 liters of water) so that the tree grows a root system and a dense crown. In September, a phosphorus-potassium solution is used to fertilize the seedling (2 tablespoons per 10 liters of water).

Top dressing is applied in doses, since if there are too many trace elements, this will have a bad effect on the fruit crop (the apple tree will not be able to resist diseases and insects, its yield will become worse). For apple trees that have already begun to bear fruit, more fertilizing is needed.

  • In the springtime, trees need nitrogen to grow abundant crowns. In mid-spring, 40 g of ammonium nitrate or 30 g of urea is distributed along the edge of the trunk circle.
  • To accelerate the flowering of the culture and the beginning of its fruiting, you need to add 60 g of superphosphate, dissolving it in 10 liters of water. Processing is carried out before the buds appear.
  • After the tree has faded, add 50 g of nitrophoska (per 10 liters of water).
  • When the fruits are poured, fertilize with sodium humate (15 g per 30 l).
  • To restore the strength of the apple tree, increase its frost resistance, you need to add 100 g of potassium sulfate and 100 g of superphosphate (per 10 liters of water). Top dressing is done after eating the apples.
  • For every 5 years, 500 g of lime per 1 m 2 is added to the soil (if it is acidic).

You should also use organic fertilizers.

  • In April, solutions are introduced using chicken manure and mullein, which give the plant the necessary nitrogen compounds. After fertilizing, the soil is watered abundantly with water.
  • When the apple tree forms fruits, you need to fertilize it with 300 g of ash per 1 m 2.
  • Before winter, rotted manure is placed under the tree (10 kg for seedlings and 25 kg for adult plants).

Also, the variety needs foliar dressing 3 times a year.

An important point in caring for an apple tree in the open field is feeding and fertilizing. Top dressing of apple trees begins in early spring and ends in late autumn.Lack of nutrition leads not only to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop, but also reduces the immunity of the tree, making it more vulnerable to pests and diseases. And with the autumn procedure, the tree will be able to lay more fruit buds, which will have a positive effect on the future harvest.

Frost resistance

The variety has an average frost resistance. In the southern territories, Golden Delicious can be grown without winter preparation, but in regions with cold climates, frost can damage young shoots. Before sheltering a culture for the winter, certain procedures must be done.

  • The trunk circle is mulched with humus.
  • Branches and stem are thoroughly cleaned of dry bark, whitewashed with a solution of lime. This will protect the plant from insects, will eliminate such problems as cracking of the bark, which can occur with a sharp drop in temperature.
  • The trunk is wrapped in burlap or agrofibre.
  • In winter, snow is scooped up to the tree, a pillow is formed that protects the root system and the root collar.
Despite the fact that apple trees are considered quite unpretentious plants, they still need proper autumn care. Timely preparation of trees for winter makes them more resistant to winter frosts, as well as increase future yields.

Diseases and pests

The trees are quite resistant to major diseases and pests, moderately resistant to scab. To get rid of problems, timely preventive treatments should be carried out. This will help prevent the development of various infections and insect damage.

The apple tree is a popular fruit crop among gardeners. It can be found in many summer cottages. But at the same time, such trees are often affected by various diseases. It is very important to recognize the disease in time and carry out the necessary procedures for a speedy recovery. Otherwise, the fruits will be spoiled, and the tree itself may die altogether.

Fruiting of aging trees, as well as the quality of the harvest, decreases. Therefore, if the tree is aging and there is a need to replace it, you need to think about how to propagate the apple tree so as not to lose the variety. For reproduction of an apple tree, several methods are used: by seeds, layering, eyes and cloning (budding).
General characteristics
Authors
America, East Virginia
Yield
at the age of 7 years harvest up to 250-300 c / ha, 18-23 years - 230 c / ha
Transportability
Yes
Early maturity
early
Decorative
No
Wood
Height
3.5 m
Crown
in young trees it is conical, in fruit-bearing trees it is broadly rounded, densely branched, well leafy
Leaves
broadly oval, with a rounded base and elongated tip, moderately folded, the edges are double-, less often triple-toothed, slightly wavy, bright green
Branches
skeletal, receding at an acute angle
Escapes
medium thickness, curved, slightly geniculate, light brown with a green tint, slightly pubescent
Flowers
medium, saucer-shaped, white with a slight pink tint
Fruit
Appointment
universal
Coloration
golden light green
Fruit shape
round-conical
Fruit weight, g
140-170
Skin
dry, dense
Subcutaneous points
gray cork
Taste
sweet, dessert
Pulp
greenish when taken off, dense, very juicy
Scent
strong
Composition
14-20.5% solids, 10-13.8% sugars, 0.4% titratable acids, 5-12.4 mg / 100g of ascorbic acid, P-active substances - 100-110 mg (93-109), pectins - 0.7 mg / 100g (0.4 - 1.0) on dry weight
Keeping quality
up to 6 months
Crumbling
No
Tasting assessment
4.5-4.6 points
Growing
Self-fertility
not self-fertile, the best pollinators: Wagner Prize, Delicious spur, Jonathan, Kuban spur
Growth type
medium-sized
Growing regions
southern states of the CIS, southern Russia
Frost resistance, ° C
average
The soil
fertile
Location
sun, partial shade
Disease and pest resistance
steady
Scab resistance
average
Maturation
Ripening terms
winter
Removable maturity
at the end of September
The beginning of fruiting varieties
for 2-3 years
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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