Fuji apple tree

Fuji apple tree
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Japan, district Fujisaki
  • Taste: sweet
  • Fruit weight, g: 200-250
  • Fruit size: large
  • Yield: high, at the age of 10 - 14 t / ha
  • Ripening terms: winter
  • Removable maturity: October
  • Keeping quality: up to 120-150 days in the cellar, in the refrigerator - 210-240 days
  • Appointment: universal
  • Appeared when crossing: Rolls Janet x Red Delicious
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The Fuji apple tree is a winter variety, remarkable for its taste, yield, keeping quality and versatility. Confidently cultivated in the southern regions and central Russia. Growing conditions are typical.

Breeding history of the variety

Fuji is deservedly classified as a long-liver, since the activity of creating the variety began around 1920. The work of the Tohoku station, which is located in the city of Morioka, was crowned with success only in 1939, but the culture began to be cultivated in 1962. During the work, the famous American ones were used - Red Delicious and Rolls Janet. Most experts believe that the variety is named after Mount Fuji, revered by the Japanese, although there are other versions.

The Fuji apple tree was highly appreciated in the countries of the southeast, is intensively grown in the USA, Australia, southern regions of Europe and Russia, and now it is successfully developing the middle zone of the country. Regions with a short summer are not suitable for the variety - the fruits do not have time to fully ripen.

Description of the variety

The tree is vigorous, reaching a height of 6 meters or more (in the absence of formation), the standard height is up to 3.5 m. The plant is easy to mold. In the course of growing on dwarf or semi-dwarf rootstocks, the height is 2-4 m. The culture grows more intensively in a young state, with the entry into the maturity phase, its growth slows down somewhat.

The crown of the culture is thickened, spreading, wide-pyramidal or oval-flat configuration. Slightly drooping branches. When molded, the plant easily gets the required shape. The annual growth rate is about 0.6 m in height and 0.6 m in width. Without proper formation, the crown becomes large and shapeless.

The bark of the tree is wrinkled, light brown in color, with a grayish bloom. Young shoots of brighter shades, with a smooth, shiny bark. There are few lentils. The leaves are rounded, with a pointed or lanceolate-oval tip. Pubescence is noticeable on fresh leaves.

By the time the fruit ripens, the growth process slows down. Shoots are ordinary, medium-sized. Brownish buds are slightly pressed against the body of the shoot. Leaves are small, ovoid. The base of the plates is rounded, the tips are elongated, light green shades, with a slightly pubescent wrinkled surface and medium venation. The plate is slightly curved, folded like a boat. The edges of the leaves are finely serrated, slightly wavy. The cuttings are not thick, short in length, light green with a burgundy base and medium pubescence. The flowers are shaped like light saucers, the size is normal. The peduncle is medium pubescent, reddish-brown in color.

Features, pros and cons

Of the main features of the variety, we indicate:

  • for full, high-quality ripening of the fruits, it takes about 3200 hours of sunlight per year;

  • at the beginning of fruiting, the first 2 years of growth are not indicative - the taste properties of the fruits are mediocre (not typical for Fuji), only for 3 years they receive an exquisite aroma and excellent taste;

  • the richer the red color of the fruit, the sweeter it is.

Pros:

  • a good level of winter hardiness (up to –25 degrees) and drought resistance, providing a high degree of crop survival in areas with a temperate climate;

  • fruits have commercial value due to their average keeping quality;

  • excellent taste properties of fruits;

  • suitability for a dietary diet;

  • the flowering process occurs late, so the variety is not afraid of recurrent frosts;

  • the fruits are held tight and do not crumble - they can remain on the branches until frost;

  • excellent portability;

  • good shelf life - in basement containers up to 120-150 days, in refrigeration units up to 210-240 days (without loss of marketable conditions);

  • fruits are versatile in use.

Minuses:

  • low resistance to scab, powdery mildew and burns;

  • instability of fruiting;

  • vulnerability to prolonged frosts and significant temperature fluctuations;

  • the need to thin out the ovaries when they are excessively significant;

  • during storage, apples can be affected by bitter spots.

Ripening and fruiting

Young growth develops intensively, creating a strong root system when planted on humus-rich soils. On lean soils, a peat-manure mixture is usually added or rotted organic matter is added. Saplings are planted in the fall (in October), or in the spring (in April-May).

The variety is fast-growing (depending on the quality of the rootstock). On dwarf rootstocks, fruiting starts from 2 years of growth, medium-sized rootstocks allow to receive fruits for 3-4 years of growth. Seedling stocks provide the beginning of fruiting at 5-6 years.

To avoid unnecessary stress on the young, we recommend removing part of the ovaries. As a result, the flavoring properties of apples increase, and the fruits themselves grow larger.

With careful and systematic observance of the standard rules of agricultural care, the Fuji variety can bear fruit for more than 40 years. The trees of the variety, grown on semi-dwarf or dwarf rootstocks, bear fruit slightly less - up to 30 years.

Usually the time of fruiting begins at the 4th year of growth, and at first the number of fruits will not be large. The highest yield level is observed in the 10th year of growth, but trees on dwarf rootstocks will give you the first harvest already 2 years after planting.

Yield

The yield of the variety is good - a 9-12 year old apple tree with a medium-sized rootstock yields 14-21 tons of fruits per hectare. At the same time, the variety is characterized by an uneven yield from year to year - the frequency of fruiting. In some cases, specialists manage to stabilize the yield level, for which the process of ovary thinning is carried out. As in the winter variety, fruit picking usually starts in the second decade of October. Ten-year trees allow harvesting up to 20 t / ha.

Fruits and their taste

Fuji has excellent fruit characteristics:

  • large fruits - up to 250 g;

  • smooth, oval configuration;

  • bright and original color with yellow-pink or scarlet blush;

  • the consistency is extremely aromatic, creamy, juicy, with a rich sweet-sour or sweet taste that changes little during storage.

After about a month of storage, the consumer ripeness of the fruit sets in, and the excessive sourness is felt somewhat less. The taste properties of small fruits of the first harvest are weak, but they improve by 2 years. Outwardly, they look appetizing, round-cylindrical configuration with some asymmetry. The dry cover is thin, but dense and elastic. The gloss is not very pronounced. The subcutaneous points are lightish, pronounced. There is a slight waxy coating. The dominant color is light yellowish or greenish, in its integumentary part it is pinkish or red-pinkish with a slightly blurred blush.

The consistency is juicy, crispy, dense. 100 g contains 9-11% sugars (calorie - 71 kcal). Tasting score up to 4.8 points. Seed cavities are small, open or partially closed.

The taste of Fuji fruits can be called honey-fragrant, which distinguishes them favorably from many varieties.

To obtain a bountiful harvest of fragrant apples, the garden must be periodically renewed by planting seedlings of productive and new varieties.The choice of an apple seedling must be approached with all responsibility, because low-quality planting material at best will not take root, and at worst it will die in the prime of years after numerous investments in its health and normal formation.

Growing features

As mandatory, systematic procedures, we indicate:

  • cleansing pruning;

  • top dressing;

  • watering, while in the first months of growth after the spring planting, seedlings should be watered 2-3 times in 7 days, with a minimum volume of 10 liters of water for each watering.

Planting apple trees is a very important, troublesome and responsible business. Its survival and full-fledged fruiting depends on the correct procedure. Before planting, you need to choose the right planting material, determine the location and prepare the soil.
A successful grafting helps to solve a whole range of problems, first of all: to get the varieties of interest and save space on the site. The vaccination technique itself is not so difficult and even a novice summer resident can master it. Vaccinations can be done during the entire growing season.
Along with top dressing and pruning necessary for apple trees, watering is also a significant contribution to the correct development of the culture, and therefore to a high yield. Improper watering, carried out inopportunely, without enough water, can bring big trouble to the fruit tree.
An important point in caring for an apple tree in the open field is feeding and fertilizing. Top dressing of apple trees begins in early spring and ends in late autumn. Lack of nutrition leads not only to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop, but also reduces the immunity of the tree, making it more vulnerable to pests and diseases. And with the autumn procedure, the tree will be able to lay more fruit buds, which will have a positive effect on the future harvest.
Despite the fact that apple trees are considered quite unpretentious plants, they still need proper autumn care. Timely preparation of trees for winter makes them more resistant to winter frosts, as well as increase future yields.

The apple tree is a popular fruit crop among gardeners. It can be found in many summer cottages. But at the same time, such trees are often affected by various diseases. It is very important to recognize the disease in time and carry out the necessary procedures for a speedy recovery. Otherwise, the fruits will be spoiled, and the tree itself may die altogether.

Fruiting of aging trees, as well as the quality of the harvest, decreases. Therefore, if the tree is aging and there is a need to replace it, you need to think about how to propagate the apple tree so as not to lose the variety. For reproduction of an apple tree, several methods are used: by seeds, layering, eyes and cloning (budding).
General characteristics
Authors
Japan, Fujisaki
Appeared when crossing
Rolls Janet x Red Delicious
Name synonyms
Fuji
Yield
high, at the age of 10 years - 14 t / ha
Transportability
Yes
Early maturity
early
Marketability
high
Wood
Height
up to 3.5 m
Leaves
oval or lanceolate-oval with a sharp tip, young - pubescent
Branches
covered with slightly wrinkled bark of light brown color with a slight gray tint
Escapes
at a young age they are colored brighter, the bark on them is smooth, shiny, there are few lentils
Fruit
Appointment
universal
Coloration
crimson red or hot pink
Fruit shape
round-cylindrical
Fruit weight, g
200-250
Fruit size
large
Skin
solid
Taste
sweet
Pulp
moderately dense, white-creamy, very juicy, crispy
Keeping quality
up to 120-150 days in the cellar, in the refrigerator - 210-240 days
Growing
Self-fertility
pollinators: Red Delicious, Idared, Golden Delicious, Ligol, Gala
Growth type
vigorous
Frost resistance, ° C
-25 ° C
The soil
neutral or slightly acidic
Disease and pest resistance
high
Maturation
Ripening terms
winter
Removable maturity
October
Reviews
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