Yesenia's columnar apple tree

Yesenia's columnar apple tree
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Russian selection
  • Taste: sweet, with pleasant sourness
  • Fruit weight, g: 170-200
  • Fruit size: large
  • Yield: high, 8-10 kg
  • Frequency of fruiting: regular
  • The beginning of fruiting varieties: for 2 years
  • Ripening terms: late autumn
  • Removable maturity: at the end of September
  • Keeping quality: till March
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Large horticultural farms, especially in European countries, are purposefully reorienting their own production to growing super-intensive orchards, changing traditional trees to high-yielding columnar ones. One of these varieties is the early-ripening high-yielding apple tree Yesenia, whose purpose is to consume fresh fruits, despite the fact that the variety is highly decorative.

Breeding history of the variety

The Oryol All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops, whose hallmark is new varieties of columnar apple trees, gave birth to another masterpiece - Yesenia. Trials of a completely young variety began in 2019, there are no exact indicators in almost all parameters, however, judging by the starting data, the variety has huge potential.

Description of the variety

Gardeners are presented with a late-ripening semi-dwarf columnar apple tree of compact size with a thin bark. Because of this, the plant is quite vulnerable to insect pests, mechanical damage and adverse conditions. At the same time, its unique compactness and small size of the root system makes it possible to grow a tree in pots - an excellent specimen for a winter garden.

Lateral shoots are not formed, therefore the pyramidal crown reaches only 40-60 cm in diameter, height - 2 m. Ringworms are covered with dark green large leaves with a glossy surface. The plant requires growing on a trunk, especially in regions of risky farming.

Features, pros and cons

The peculiarity of the variety is the possibility of growing in pots, greenhouses, which allows you to get fresh fruits in the Far North.

Pros of Yesenia:

  • resistance to fungal diseases;
  • the beginning of fruiting in the second year after planting;
  • good productivity, small size, high marketability.

Minuses:

  • insufficient winter hardiness;
  • short fruiting period - 10 to 12 years.

In addition, regular aeration is required for the plant, since a weak root is not able to get oxygen and nutrition.

Ripening and fruiting

The variety belongs to the winter type with a late ripening period - the fruits reach removable maturity at the end of September. Regular fruiting occurs at 2 years. Apples are not prone to shedding, moreover, they stay on the branches for a long time after the onset of technical ripeness. The harvest is stored until spring, if the desired regime is observed.

Growing regions

The variety is adapted for the middle zone - Moscow, Smolensk, Kaluga and other regions. As well as Chernozem regions and the Volga region.

Yield

Yesenia has a high yield - up to 8-10 kilograms per column.

Fruits and their taste

Large fruits are covered with oily and shiny thin skin. The cover color is light yellow; at the time of physiological ripeness, the surface is covered with a blush. Greenish juicy pulp, sometimes with a creamy tinge, has a sweet and sour taste and a tasting score of 4.3–4.4 points. Weight - 170-200 grams.

To obtain a bountiful harvest of fragrant apples, the garden must be periodically renewed by planting seedlings of productive and new varieties.The choice of an apple seedling must be approached with all responsibility, because low-quality planting material at best will not take root, and at worst it will die in the prime of years after numerous investments in its health and normal formation.

Growing features

Yesenia is a delicate and fragile variety that requires special attention and conditions. With ideal agricultural technology, it grows actively and bears fruit well. For planting in open ground, they choose sunny places with good protection from the winds. Excessive thickening prevents ventilation of the bark, which is important for the variety.

The tree prefers breathable, fertile soils with a neutral pH level, but it is still better to dilute chernozem with river sand. Acidic soils are deoxidized with lime fluff. Low-lying areas can only be approached if there are no stagnant waters or streams nearby.

Wells are prepared in advance, 2-3 weeks is enough. The distance between the pits is 0.5-0.6 m, in the aisles - from 0.8 to 1 meter, the size is 60x80 cm. The excavated soil is enriched with organic matter and mineral fertilizers, a drainage layer is arranged at the bottom and a stake is driven in as a trunk. 2 buckets of water are poured into the pit.

The seedling is installed in such a way that the support covers the trunk from the north side, creating additional protection for the delicate tree. The roots are carefully covered with soil, leaving the root collar 10 cm above ground level. The soil must be well compacted, a protective earthen rampart must be arranged around the perimeter of the trunk circle, again shed and covered with mulch.

Further care consists in constant aeration of the soil - weeding or planting suitable plants (lemon balm, dill, calendula, marigolds). Weak roots are not able to extract moisture from the depths, so regular watering is necessary during dry periods.

Planting apple trees is a very important, troublesome and responsible business. Its survival and full-fledged fruiting depends on the correct procedure. Before planting, you need to choose the right planting material, determine the location and prepare the soil.
A successful grafting helps to solve a whole range of problems, first of all: to get the varieties of interest and save space on the site. The vaccination technique itself is not so difficult and even a novice summer resident can master it. Vaccinations can be done during the entire growing season.
Along with top dressing and pruning necessary for apple trees, watering is also a significant contribution to the correct development of the culture, and therefore to a high yield. Improper watering, carried out inopportunely, without enough water, can bring big trouble to the fruit tree.

Pollination

A self-fertile variety needs pollinator varieties, so other varieties with similar flowering times should grow in the neighborhood. Sometimes, to attract bees and bumblebees, the crowns are sprayed with sugar syrup.

Top dressing

The first two years Yesenia will do without additional food, then annual feeding will be needed. In the spring, spill with a solution of nitrophoska, before the beginning of flowering, add phosphorus and potassium-containing compounds, in the fall add 15 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium nitrate and 5 g of azophoska. All dressings are combined with watering so as not to burn weak roots.

An important point in caring for an apple tree in the open field is feeding and fertilizing. Top dressing of apple trees begins in early spring and ends in late autumn. Lack of nutrition leads not only to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop, but also reduces the immunity of the tree, making it more vulnerable to pests and diseases. And with the autumn procedure, the tree will be able to lay more fruit buds, which will have a positive effect on the future harvest.

Frost resistance

Despite the fact that the plant is considered frost-resistant, it needs shelter for the winter. The trunks are covered with mulch and snow. Low-rise plants can be completely covered with agrofibre and cardboard.

Despite the fact that apple trees are considered quite unpretentious plants, they still need proper autumn care.Timely preparation of trees for winter makes them more resistant to winter frosts, as well as increase future yields.

Diseases and pests

The apple tree is distinguished by good immunity to pests and fungal diseases, as well as to scab, but annual preventive treatments with insecticides and fungicides are required.

The apple tree is a popular fruit crop among gardeners. It can be found in many summer cottages. But at the same time, such trees are often affected by various diseases. It is very important to recognize the disease in time and carry out the necessary procedures for a speedy recovery. Otherwise, the fruits will be spoiled, and the tree itself may die altogether.

Fruiting of aging trees, as well as the quality of the harvest, decreases. Therefore, if the tree is aging and there is a need to replace it, you need to think about how to propagate the apple tree so as not to lose the variety. For reproduction of an apple tree, several methods are used: by seeds, layering, eyes and cloning (budding).
General characteristics
Authors
Russian selection
Yield
high, 8-10 kg
Early maturity
early
Decorative
Yes
Columnar
Yes
Wood
Height
up to 2 m
Crown
compact, columnar
Fruit
Appointment
fresh
Coloration
light yellow, the integumentary color appears as a blush in most of the fruit
Fruit weight, g
170-200
Fruit size
large
Skin
smooth, shiny, oily
Taste
sweet, with pleasant sourness
Pulp
greenish, juicy
Keeping quality
till March
Tasting assessment
4.3-4.4 points
Growing
Growth type
semi-dwarf
Frost resistance, ° C
high
Disease and pest resistance
high
Scab resistance
high
Maturation
Ripening terms
late autumn
Removable maturity
at the end of September
The beginning of fruiting varieties
for 2 years
Frequency of fruiting
regular
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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