Apple tree Bayan

Apple tree Bayan
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: NIISS, Gorno-Altaysk, I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Yashchemskaya
  • Taste: sweet and sour
  • Scent: weak
  • Fruit weight, g: 90-140
  • Yield: for the first 4 years of fruiting 4.1 t / ha, at the age of 8 - 10.4 t / ha
  • The beginning of fruiting varieties: for 4-5 years
  • Ripening terms: late autumn
  • Removable maturity: mid-September
  • Keeping quality: up to 4 months
  • Appointment: universal
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In Russia, there is a rather large zone of risky farming, where not everything can be grown, especially when it comes to the northern regions. Everyone's favorite apple trees hardly take root in the harsh climate and do not bear fruit well. The task of many breeders is to develop varieties adapted to cold regions that give a stable yield of tasty fruits. One of these varieties is Bayan's universal fast-growing apple tree. Its fruits are distinguished by good transportability and keeping quality.

Breeding history of the variety

The authors and originators are I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Bayana was the result of crossing the Gornoaltayskoye and Belfleur-Kitayka hybrid, as well as the Altayskoye Purpurovoe variety. The work has been in progress since 1984. The variety was included in the State Register in 2007.

Description of the variety

The Bayan apple tree is a medium-sized tree growing up to 4 meters, whose crown has a pyramidal shape up to 3.5 meters in diameter at its widest part. Straight, rather compact branches are covered with elongated leaves of medium size, which have a green color. The angle of divergence of branches from the trunk is 60 degrees. The geniculate shoots of medium thickness are covered with a weak edge and numerous small lenticels.

Features, pros and cons

Many gardeners pay tribute to the Bayan variety, because it has some positive features that make it so attractive:

  • high winter hardiness;
  • early maturity and keeping quality;
  • excellent health and good taste;
  • good productivity for northern latitudes and self-fertility.

The disadvantage of the variety is considered to be weak fruiting during several vegetative seasons after planting young plants.

Ripening and fruiting

Bayana belongs to the slowly growing late autumn varieties - after the beginning of fruiting, the tree grows up to 15 cm per year or less. The height of growth, which is genetically incorporated into it, the tree will reach only by 10–12 years, a little earlier (9–11 years), it will begin to give the maximum yield, and the beginning of fruiting falls on 4–5 years. Full harvests can be obtained only for 8 years. Fruits ripen in 1-2 ten days of September, although much depends on the weather. The time for collection comes at the moment when a purple tint appears in the color.

Growing regions

The variety was purposefully bred for regions with cold climatic conditions. These are South, Western Siberia, the Urals and the Far East.

Yield

These indicators in the first four years from the beginning of fruiting are kept in the region of 4.1 t / ha, and from the age of eight they rise to 10.4 t / ha.

Fruits and their taste

Greenish-yellow fruits with a purple shade of slightly ribbed round shape are covered with a rough dry skin with a waxy coating (pruin). Taste of apples according to tasters - 4.7; 4.5; 4.6 points. Weight - from 90 to 140 g.

Juicy pulp with a creamy shade has a pleasant sweet and sour taste, has a dense coarse-grained structure and a weak aroma. The composition of the fruits contains up to 17.67% of dry soluble substances, up to 14.14% of sugars, up to 0.53% of acids and up to 21.2 mg of vitamin C. The keeping quality of apples is up to 4 months.

To obtain a bountiful harvest of fragrant apples, the garden must be periodically renewed by planting seedlings of productive and new varieties. The choice of an apple seedling must be approached with all responsibility, because low-quality planting material at best will not take root, and at worst it will die in the prime of years after numerous investments in its health and normal formation.

Growing features

For the Bayan apple tree, fertile loamy or sandy loam soils and sunny areas are needed. Planting is done both in spring and autumn. Spring activities are held before the buds begin to bloom. In the fall, plants are planted after the foliage has fallen off. In cold areas, planting is best done in the spring - the plant will have time to build up the root system and get stronger by the time of the onset of winter cold weather.

Before planting, prepare a standard pit 80x80 cm. The distance between the holes should be at least 3-4 m, in row spacing - 5 meters. The removed soil is filled with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. Nutrient Application Scheme:

  • humus - 4 kg;
  • superphosphate - 5 g;
  • potassium sulfate - 50 g.

At the bottom of the hole, a drainage layer is arranged, then the earth is poured with a mound and the roots of the seedling are spread over it, after which the hole is buried and the soil is carefully shed. When choosing a location, it should be borne in mind that groundwater should not be higher than two meters. Crown formation and sanitary pruning help aeration, better access to the sun, which ultimately increases yields. The best method is to keep the branches the same length.

Planting apple trees is a very important, troublesome and responsible business. Its survival and full-fledged fruiting depends on the correct procedure. Before planting, you need to choose the right planting material, determine the location and prepare the soil.
A successful grafting helps to solve a whole range of problems, first of all: to get the varieties of interest and save space on the site. The vaccination technique itself is not so difficult and even a novice summer resident can master it. Vaccinations can be done during the entire growing season.
Along with top dressing and pruning necessary for apple trees, watering is also a significant contribution to the correct development of the culture, and therefore to a high yield. Improper watering, carried out inopportunely, without enough water, can bring big trouble to the fruit tree.

Pollination

Despite the declared self-fertility of the variety, planting nearby varieties such as Vishnevoe, Bolotovskoye and others will help increase the percentage of ovary.

Top dressing

Mature trees are fed three times per season - in spring, summer and autumn. Substances such as superphosphate, potash fertilizers and organic matter (compost, humus, manure) are used.

An important point in caring for an apple tree in the open field is feeding and fertilizing. Top dressing of apple trees begins in early spring and ends in late autumn. Lack of nutrition leads not only to a decrease in the quality and quantity of the crop, but also reduces the immunity of the tree, making it more vulnerable to pests and diseases. And with the autumn procedure, the tree will be able to lay more fruit buds, which will have a positive effect on the future harvest.

Frost resistance

The variety was bred for regions with a cold climate, therefore, it is highly frost-resistant.

Despite the fact that apple trees are considered quite unpretentious plants, they still need proper autumn care. Timely preparation of trees for winter makes them more resistant to winter frosts, as well as increase future yields.

Diseases and pests

Despite its high resistance to diseases, including scab, the apple tree requires preventive treatments with insecticides and fungicides. Careful observation of the garden is necessary to avoid cancer.

The apple tree is a popular fruit crop among gardeners. It can be found in many summer cottages. But at the same time, such trees are often affected by various diseases. It is very important to recognize the disease in time and carry out the necessary procedures for a speedy recovery. Otherwise, the fruits will be spoiled, and the tree itself may die altogether.

Fruiting of aging trees, as well as the quality of the harvest, decreases. Therefore, if the tree is aging and there is a need to replace it, you need to think about how to propagate the apple tree so as not to lose the variety. For reproduction of an apple tree, several methods are used: by seeds, layering, eyes and cloning (budding).
General characteristics
Authors
NIISS, Gorno-Altaysk, I.P. Kalinina, N.V. Ermakova, Z.S. Yashchemskaya
Appeared when crossing
(Gorno-Altai x Bellefleur-Chinese) x Altai Purple
Yield
for the first 4 years of fruiting 4.1 t / ha, at the age of 8 - 10.4 t / ha
Transportability
Yes
Early maturity
early
Wood
Height
up to 4 m
Crown
pyramidal medium density, diameter 3.5 m
Leaves
medium-sized, elongated, green
Branches
straight, compactly located, branching angle of branches from the trunk 60 °
Escapes
medium thickness, geniculate, red, slightly pubescent, with numerous, small lenticels
Fruit
Appointment
universal
Coloration
greenish yellow with dark purple blush
Fruit shape
slightly ribbed, rounded
Fruit weight, g
90-140
Skin
rough, dry, dull with a waxy coating
Taste
sweet and sour
Pulp
juicy, creamy, dense, coarse-grained
Scent
weak
Composition
dry soluble substances - up to 17.67%, sugars - up to 14.14%, acids - up to 0.53%, vitamin C - up to 21.2 mg%
Keeping quality
up to 4 months
Tasting assessment
fresh - 4.7 points, compote - 4.5, natural juice - 4.6 points
Growing
Growth type
medium-sized
Frost resistance, ° C
hardy
The soil
fertile, loamy, sandy loam
Location
Sun
Disease and pest resistance
high
Scab resistance
steady
Maturation
Ripening terms
late autumn
Removable maturity
mid September
The beginning of fruiting varieties
for 4-5 years
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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