Cherry Shokoladnitsa

Cherry Shokoladnitsa
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: A.F. Kolesnikova, M.V. Mikheeva, T.A. Trofimova (All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops)
  • Appeared when crossing: Consumer goods black x Lyubskaya
  • Year of approval: 1996
  • Barrel type: wood
  • Growth type: undersized
  • Crown: reverse pyramidal, compact, raised, medium density
  • Escapes: medium, straight, brown, with a gray tinge
  • Leaves: obovate, green, matte
  • Flowers: bell-shaped, white
  • Flowering and fruiting type: mixed
View all specifications

According to the European classification, the Shokoladnitsa cherry belongs to the cheesecloths - varieties with a dark fruit color and colored juice. This low variety is characterized by still high yields and excellent fruit taste, which has earned it popularity among domestic gardeners.

Breeding history

The cherry variety Shokoladnitsa was created at the All-Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops in the Oryol Region. The breeding specialists were engaged in breeders Kolesnikova, Trofimova, Mikheeva.

To obtain a new variety, work was carried out to cross two known species. One of them - Consumer goods black, bushy dessert cherry, created by Michurin himself. Another parental species was the representative of folk selection, known from the century before last - Lyubskaya. The chocolate maker, which passed the variety trials, was added to the State Register for the Russian Federation in 1996, after which it was recommended to grow it in the Central Region of Russia.

Description of the variety

Weak cherry trees of the described variety grow no more than two and a half meters. The crown resembles an inverted pyramid in its shape. The trunk has a brown tint of the bark; a gray coating is noted on the shoots. The foliage is matte, green. Inflorescences are umbellate, generally having 3 buds in each.

Fruit characteristics

Drupes Shokoladnitsa are round, 1.7-1.9 cm in diameter, weighing 3.5 grams. The skin of the cherries is dark burgundy, almost black, which is why the variety got its name. The consistency of the pulp is quite juicy, a small (0.28 grams) bone is well separated from the pulp. If you crush a cherry, a dark red coloring juice appears.

Taste qualities

The berries taste sweet and sour. The tasters rated the ripe fresh fruits of Shokoladnitsa at 3.8-4 points out of five possible. The composition of the product:

  • dry matter - 18.4%;
  • sugar - 12.4%;
  • acids - 1.64%.

Ripening and fruiting

Cherry Shokoladnitsa will not bear fruit for the first 3 years of life. Only for 4 years will the first fruits appear. The ripening period of the culture is average. Fruiting lasts from 8 to 15 July.

When growing cherries on your site, you need to know some of the features of fruiting. After planting, the cherry tree usually does not bear fruit for the first few years. Under favorable conditions, this crop can bear fruit in 2 or 3 years. However, you often have to wait 4-5 years.

Yield

The average crop yield is 77.9 c / ha. The maximum indicators were registered at the level of 96.6 c / ha. At the same time, an average of 11 kg of fruit can be obtained from one tree. In total, the duration of productive fruiting of Shokoladnitsa is 15 years.

Growing regions

The culture is officially regionalized in the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Of course, it is grown not only in the center, but also in other areas with similar climatic conditions.

Landing

The timing of planting a varietal cherry varietal tree depends on the territory.In the north-western regions of the Central region of the country, for example, in the Leningrad region, it will be better to plant the culture in the spring. Closer to the south, planting is possible in mid-autumn.

It is better to plant Shokoladnitsa cherries in an open place, not shaded by other crops or buildings. Groundwater should run no higher than two meters from the soil level. If the soil is acidic, it will need to be limed.

Saplings should be one or two years old. The planting pit should be 60 m deep and half a meter wide. When planting several trees, it is necessary to maintain 3 m between them.

The supporting peg is taken from 1 to one and a half meters high. When planting a tree, the root collar should be located above the ground level. Then the seedling is watered, and the trunk is tied to a support.

For guaranteed survival of a cherry seedling in a summer cottage, all basic requirements should be strictly observed during planting. It is necessary to correctly determine the timing of planting, correctly choose a seedling, prepare a planting pit.
Cherry grafting is an agricultural technique, during which one plant fragment is transferred to another to obtain a new crop with its own characteristics and properties. During the procedure, the aerial part of one tree is spliced ​​with a fragment of another culture. This will increase the yield of the cherry tree as well as increase its resistance to diseases and pests.

Growing and care

Young, newly planted Shokoladnitsa trees should be irrigated very well and regularly. The main thing is not to let the soil dry out completely. In the event that a crust has formed around the trunk, it is necessary to pour 20 liters of liquid under the tree. Mature trees are watered 2-3 times per season, and drainage is also organized for them.

For the first couple of years, the tree is not fertilized, since the fertilizing that was introduced during planting nourishes the plant. Then the tree will need to be fed with standard fertilizers three times during the growing season: in the spring, after the snow melts, at the time of bud formation, and also at the end of fruiting.

Pruning is an important element of Shokoladnitsa care. Immediately after planting, the seedling should be shortened to 60 centimeters so that about 5 buds remain on the trunk. Next year, skeletal branches will appear, which will also need to be cut to the level of 5 buds. Next, you should maintain the shape of the crown.

One of the keys to a good cherry harvest is proper care, a mandatory step of which is pruning. Pruning is one of the simplest procedures, and it doesn't require a lot of tools and time. After the procedure, the cherry tree redistributes a significant part of its vitality to the formation of a crop, which becomes better and more stable.
For abundant fruiting and successful growth, the cherry tree must be fed. Cherry makes rather high demands on the quality of feeding. For it, you can use both organic and mineral mixtures. At each stage of the growing season of a fruit tree, it needs different trace elements.

Disease and pest resistance

The chocolate girl is not too resistant to ailments and pest attacks. Plants of the variety are in dire need of prevention. The culture is especially susceptible to coccomycosis and moniliosis. And also cherries have a weak resistance to fruit cracking, this happens with excessive moisture.

Requirements for soil and climatic conditions

The described crop shows good drought tolerance. This frees the gardener from the need for additional watering of the tree in the summer heat.The winter hardiness of the culture is also at an altitude: cherry trees are able to withstand temperatures as low as -35 degrees. Therefore, they do not require shelter in winter.

Cherries are found in almost every garden plot. And if every year she pleases with a bountiful harvest of large and sweet berries, then the question arises about the reproduction of such an effective variety. Cherries can be propagated by cuttings, seeds, layering, grafting, shoots. Each of the methods has its own characteristics.
Main characteristics
Authors
A.F. Kolesnikova, M.V. Mikheeva, T.A. Trofimova (All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops)
Appeared when crossing
Consumer goods black x Lyubskaya
Year of approval
1996
View
common
Appointment
universal
Yield
average
Average yield
77.9 c / ha
Maximum yield
96.6 c / ha
Wood
Barrel type
wood
Growth type
undersized
Height, m
2-2,5
Crown
reverse pyramidal, compact, raised, medium density
Escapes
medium, straight, brown, with a gray tinge
Leaves
obovate, green, matte
Flowers
bell-shaped, white
Number of flowers per inflorescence
3
Flowering and fruiting type
mixed
Fruit
Fruit size
average
Fruit size, mm
16.9x18.9x16.9
Fruit weight, g
3,5
Fruit shape
wide-round
Fruit color
almost black
Pulp color
Dark red
Pulp (consistency)
medium density
Taste
sweet and sour
Juice color
Dark red
Bone weight, g
0,28
Separability of the bone from the pulp
good
Detachment of fruits
average
Fruit composition
dry matter - 18.4%, sugars - 12.4%, acids - 1.64%
Fresh fruit tasting
3.8-4 points
Growing
Self-fertility
self-fertile
Winter hardiness
good
Heat resistance
good
Pruning
formative, sanitary
The soil
chernozem, floodplain light loam, chestnut, sandy loam, loose and structural, breathable
The need for feeding
in spring - nitrogen fertilizers, in autumn - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers
Watering
watering no more than 2-3 times per season, you need drainage from excessive moisture
Location
requires good sunlight and sheltered from the winds
Growing regions
Central
Resistant to fruit cracking
weak, with excessive moisture
Coccomycosis resistance
receptive
Resistance to moniliosis
receptive
Maturation
Early maturity
for 4 year
Flowering period
May 15-18
Ripening period
average
Fruiting period
July 8-15
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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