Cherry Kharitonovskaya

Cherry Kharitonovskaya
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Kharitonova E.N., Zhukov O.S.
  • Appeared when crossing: Zhukovskaya x Almaz
  • Year of approval: 1998
  • Barrel type: wood
  • Growth type: medium-sized
  • Crown: spherical, raised, of medium density
  • Foliage: medium
  • Escapes: straight, brownish brown
  • Leaves: elliptical, dark green
  • Flowers: large, white
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This culture can be called promising for growing in warm and temperate climates. And large, versatile and very tasty berries with a mysterious and piquant bird cherry flavor will undoubtedly compensate for the modest labor costs that you put into the process of caring for this unique cherry.

Breeding history

The application for the registration of the culture was submitted by the Institute. Michurin in 1992, where it was developed by E.N. Kharitonova and O.S. Zhukov. Since 1998, it has been in the State Register, and obtained by crossing Almaz with Zhukovskaya. It is noteworthy that one of the maternal species of culture was the Maak bird cherry growing in Primorye, which explains the presence of piquant taste notes of the newly obtained variety. Being an ordinary species, the culture is universal, with excellent marketability and an average level of transportability. Recommended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth Region.

Description of the variety

The tree is medium-sized, 2–3 m high, with a slightly raised, medium-dense crown. The foliage is of medium intensity, and the upright brownish-brown branches form a thin spherical crown. Large smooth elliptical leaves with pointed tips and rounded bases are painted in a dark green color. The leaf blades are straight, with medium-sized stipules and serrated edges.

The flowers are white and large. Flowering and fruiting occurs on bouquet branches and on last year's growths. The pluses of culture include:

  • a high level of resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis;
  • partial self-fertility;
  • large fruit sizes;
  • stable level of fruiting;
  • high productivity;
  • compactness;
  • excellent taste properties of berries;
  • berries after ripening do not crumble, they are separated from the stalks with a dry separation;
  • versatility of fruits;
  • drought resistance of culture.

Minuses:

  • the level of frost resistance is not very high;
  • large bones;
  • low degree of transportability of berries.

Fruit characteristics

The berries are large in size (18X16 mm) and relatively massive (up to 5 g), one-dimensional, rounded configuration. In color, they are dark red, and when fully ripe, they are closer to black. The skin is medium, not pubescent, and the juice is a light red hue. The pulp is orange, tender. The fruits are firmly attached to the stalks, but come off without difficulty. The seeds are medium in size, oval, easily separated from the pulp. By chemical composition, berries include: dry matter - up to 18%, sugar - 3%, acids - 1.2%, vitamin C - 12 mg%.

Taste qualities

By taste, the berries are sweet and sour with a slight taste of bird cherry. Tasting score in points - 4.7.

Ripening and fruiting

The fruiting process starts from the 5th year of crop growth. Ripening time is average. Fruit picking - from mid-July.

When growing cherries on your site, you need to know some of the features of fruiting. After planting, the cherry tree usually does not bear fruit for the first few years.Under favorable conditions, this crop can bear fruit in 2 or 3 years. However, you often have to wait 4-5 years.

Yield

With the correct implementation of agrotechnical techniques, the yield reaches 15–20 kg per tree.

Self-fertility and the need for pollinators

The culture is partly self-fertile; the pollinating trees Zhukovskaya and Vladimirskaya will be productive neighbors for it (they should not shade the main trees). The Kharitonovskaya cherry blossoms in late spring, and the ovaries are formed on bouquet branches and last year's shoots. In the absence of pollinating plants, approximately 5–20% of the flowers become berries. The first fruits ripen from mid-July. The culture blooms unusually abundantly.

Landing

Preferred soils for culture are neutral loamy or sandy loamy soils. The landing site features are standard for cherries.

Groundwater location - no closer than 2 m to the ground surface. A good place to disembark would be, for example, the southern side of the fence or the western slope with a slope of no more than 15 °.

In southern latitudes, the culture is planted in the fall, after the foliage has fallen. In the more northern ones - in early spring. Preparatory earthwork should be completed before the buds open. Disembarkation order is standard.

You should not plant shrub plants with strong, rapidly spreading roots near cherries: raspberries, sea buckthorn, blackberries. Unsuitable neighbors include maples, lindens, birches, oaks that emit substances that can inhibit the development of cherries. It is not recommended to plant nearby and nightshade crops.

It is advisable to cover the roots of mature cherries from overheating and in order to retain moisture. For this purpose, you should use ground cover plants: tenacious, hoofed, periwinkle, budra.

When choosing seedlings, special attention is paid to the roots and height of trees: for annuals, the normal height will be 80 cm, and for two-year-olds - 110 cm. The color of the bark also matters. The greenish color indicates that too many nitrogenous compounds were used in the process of growing the seedling. Such surplus negatively affects the development of trees. Before planting, plant roots should be soaked for about 3 hours, adding "Kornevin" or other growth stimulants to the container.

Landing grooves are prepared in standard sizes: 40-60 cm in depth and up to 80 cm in diameter. The upper layers of the soil are enriched with humus with the addition of 50 g of phosphorus and potassium. Add sand if necessary.

When planting a seedling, the neck of the tree should rise 5–7 cm above the soil surface. After planting, abundant irrigation and mulching of the near-stem space follow.

For guaranteed survival of a cherry seedling in a summer cottage, all basic requirements should be strictly observed during planting. It is necessary to correctly determine the timing of planting, correctly choose a seedling, prepare a planting pit.
Cherry grafting is an agricultural technique, during which one plant fragment is transferred to another to obtain a new crop with its own characteristics and properties. During the procedure, the aerial part of one tree is spliced ​​with a fragment of another culture. This will increase the yield of the cherry tree as well as increase its resistance to diseases and pests.

Growing and care

Systematic irrigation of seedlings, which does not allow the soil to dry out, is required only during the first growing season. Further watering is carried out as needed. The implementation of the autumn moisture charging is mandatory.

For top dressing, traditional mineral additives are used based on a large amount of nitrogenous and potassium compounds, but a small amount of phosphorus. The culture is sensitive to manure additives. Therefore, mulching of the near-stem space can be carried out using the waste products of cattle, adding ash. Sanitary and formative tree pruning is carried out from the early years of the seedlings' development, which greatly contributes to bountiful harvests.

One of the keys to a good cherry harvest is proper care, a mandatory step of which is pruning. Pruning is one of the simplest procedures, and it doesn't require a lot of tools and time. After the procedure, the cherry tree redistributes a significant part of its vitality to the formation of a crop, which becomes better and more stable.
For abundant fruiting and successful growth, the cherry tree must be fed. Cherry makes rather high demands on the quality of feeding. For it, you can use both organic and mineral mixtures. At each stage of the growing season of a fruit tree, it needs different trace elements.

Disease and pest resistance

The culture is highly resistant to coccomycosis and moniliosis. The probability of being defeated during sabotage attacks is at an average level.

Carrying out a complex of preventive procedures for the culture is a desirable element of care. This includes regular cleaning of the area, shaping and sanitary pruning. Aphid and cherry sawfly infestations well stop traditional insecticidal treatments.

Requirements for soil and climatic conditions

Although the crop is highly drought tolerant, irrigation is recommended 1-2 times a month. Practitioners assess the level of frost resistance as average, therefore, the variety is unsuitable for cultivation in cold latitudes. To discourage rodents, the trunks are covered with burlap or other materials.

Cherries are found in almost every garden plot. And if every year she pleases with a bountiful harvest of large and sweet berries, then the question arises about the reproduction of such an effective variety. Cherries can be propagated by cuttings, seeds, layering, grafting, shoots. Each of the methods has its own characteristics.
Main characteristics
Authors
Kharitonova E.N., Zhukov O.S.
Appeared when crossing
Zhukovskaya x Almaz
Year of approval
1998
View
common
Appointment
universal
Transportability
average
Marketability
good
Wood
Barrel type
wood
Growth type
medium-sized
Height, m
2-3
Crown
spherical, raised, of medium density
Foliage
average
Escapes
straight, brownish brown
Leaves
elliptical, dark green
Flowers
large, white
Flowering and fruiting type
on bouquet branches and on growths of the last year
Fruit
Fruit size
large
Fruit size, mm
18x16
Fruit weight, g
5
Fruit shape
one-dimensional, rounded
Fruit color
dark red
Skin
medium, no pubescence
Pulp color
orange
Pulp (consistency)
tender
Taste
sweet and sour
Juice color
light red
Bone size
average
Separability of the bone from the pulp
good
Detachment of fruits
dry
Fruit composition
dry matter -18%, sugar -13%, acid - 1.2%, vitamin C -12 mg%
Fresh fruit tasting
4.7 points
Growing
Self-fertility
partially self-fertile
Pollinator varieties
Zhukovskaya and Vladimirskaya
Fruiting type
on bouquet branches and on growths of the last year
Pruning
timely sanitary
The soil
loamy or sandy loam
The need for feeding
timely fertilization
Location
sunny places sheltered from the wind
Growing regions
TsCHO, Central Region
Resistance to fungal diseases
steady
Coccomycosis resistance
increased
Resistance to moniliosis
increased
Maturation
Early maturity
for the 5th year
Ripening period
average
Fruiting period
in the middle of July
Reviews
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