Cherry Black large

Cherry Black large
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Voronchikhina Alexandra Yakovlevna (Rossoshanskaya zonal experimental gardening station)
  • Year of approval: 2000
  • Barrel type: wood
  • Growth type: medium-sized
  • Crown: panicle, medium density
  • Escapes: straight, yellowish green, glabrous
  • Leaves: dark green, matte, double serrated edge
  • Fruit size: large
  • Fruit shape: oval
  • Fruit color: black
View all specifications

Cherry Black large - the extremely tasty berries of this culture have attracted and continue to attract many gardeners, both domestic and foreign. The reason for this is also the large-fruited culture, and its unpretentious nature.

Breeding history

This cherry, belonging to an ordinary species, having a universal purpose, was bred by A. Ya. Voronchikhina, an employee of the Rossosh zonal experimental gardening station. Culture has been approved for use since 2000, with a recommendation for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. Nevertheless, its indicators turned out to be so productive and convincing that it is now cultivated in many other regions of Russia.

Description of the variety

The culture is medium-sized (3-4 m), with a paniculate, pyramidal configuration with a spreading crown of medium thickening. The bark is gray, darkish, slightly rough, with a silvered coating, practically does not crack. Shoots are upright, elongated, slightly thickened, yellowish-green in color, have large internodes. In young shoots, it is greenish, with age it changes color somewhat. Lentils without pubescence, reddish, not very often located. The buds are rather large, rounded, with sharp tips, not adjacent to the shoots.

Leaves are large, dark green in color, oval in shape, with double-serrate edges and pointed tops, glossy, without stipules. Petioles are thickened, elongated, without pubescence. The flowers are large, formed in 2-3 pieces in inflorescences, with wide and white petals, which darken somewhat at the end of flowering. Large buds.

The culture cannot be called a long-liver - the approximate life span is 15-17 years. The more mature the tree becomes, the lower the degree of its yield becomes. By the age of 15, the yield of trees drops significantly.

Of the advantages of culture, it is worth noting:

  • high degree of frost resistance;

  • comparative ease of care;

  • a reliable level of resistance to many diseases;

  • abundance of crops.

Minuses:

  • short periods of fruit bearing;

  • relatively short life span;

  • relative susceptibility to moniliosis and coccomycosis.

The berries of the culture are universal in their application, they are perfect for fresh consumption, as well as for various types of processing. In refrigeration units, they can be stored for up to 2 months.

Fruit characteristics

Berries are formed large, weight 4.1 g. Rounded in configuration and slightly flattened on the sides, they are not prone to falling off. The peel is thin, dark, almost black. The dark red consistency of the pulp is very tender and rich in juice, with a memorable dessert taste. The seeds are small in size, freely separating from the pulp. The separation of berries is dry.

By chemical composition, berries include: dry compositions - 14.5%, sugar - 9.7%, acids - 1.5%, vitamin C - 11.3 mg /%.

Taste qualities

By their taste, the berries are sweet and sour. Tasting assessment of ripe fruits in points - 4.1.

Ripening and fruiting

Effective fruiting begins from the 3rd year of the seedlings' life. The ripening period is early-average. The dates for harvesting fruits are from the end of June.

When growing cherries on your site, you need to know some of the features of fruiting.After planting, the cherry tree usually does not bear fruit for the first few years. Under favorable conditions, this crop can bear fruit in 2 or 3 years. However, you often have to wait 4-5 years.

Yield

The yield is good - an average of 12-25 kg per tree. The first berries begin to be removed without waiting for full ripening. At the same time, it is more convenient to cut them off with brushes in the area of ​​attachment of the stalks to the branches. With stalks, berries can be stored longer.

Self-fertility and the need for pollinators

The culture is self-fertile, for this reason, pollinating cherries are often planted next to it, Spectacular, Kent, Turgenevka, Griot Ostgeimsky, Zhukovskaya, Rossoshanskaya black.

Landing

In open soil, the culture is planted only in the spring, while the buds of the plants have not yet opened. For planting, it is better to use light soils with a neutral degree of acidity, since redox processes adversely affect the absorption of nutrient compounds by trees. The ideal acidity index here would be 7.0 pH. Small deviations of this value in one direction or another are permissible.

If you are forced to plant trees in slightly acidified soils, then you should first prepare them by liming (300-400 g of lime are added per 1 m2 of plot).

The planting recesses are prepared ahead of time, adding to them, with weekly breaks, first lime, and then organic matter (composts). For 1 m² you will need about 400 g of lime and about 10 kg of compost. The dimensions of the planting grooves are selected based on the parameters of the plant root systems. The standard dimensions of the recesses are 80x80 cm, and about 60 cm in depth.

During planting of seedlings, the root collars of plants should rise 6-7 cm above the soil level.

For guaranteed survival of a cherry seedling in a summer cottage, all basic requirements should be strictly observed during planting. It is necessary to correctly determine the timing of planting, correctly choose a seedling, prepare a planting pit.
Cherry grafting is an agricultural technique, during which one plant fragment is transferred to another to obtain a new crop with its own characteristics and properties. During the procedure, the aerial part of one tree is spliced ​​with a fragment of another culture. This will increase the yield of the cherry tree as well as increase its resistance to diseases and pests.

Growing and care

The procedure for caring for a culture contains some nuances. Due to its high susceptibility to diseases of a fungal nature, the trees should be irrigated carefully, not flooding the roots. It is drought-resistant, so some underfilling will be more useful than overflow, which can destroy the tree.

The first irrigation is performed immediately after flowering, adding immediately and top dressing. The second is in the initial period of fruit formation. In dry periods, additional irrigation will not harm the culture, therefore, irrigation is increased up to 1 time in 14 days. For each plant, 20-30 liters of water are consumed.

In rainy weather, the near-stem space is carefully loosened to a depth of 15 cm, fearing of touching and damaging the roots. During the season, this procedure is carried out up to 3 times. Regular mulching of the crop is a must.

Black large painfully tolerates thickening of crowns, and therefore shoots exceeding 40 cm in length are cut off. It is also important to remove the branches growing into the crowns. A single tree leaves no more than 10 main shoots.

The initial pruning procedure is carried out immediately after planting the seedlings. Up to 7 strong and thickened shoots are left on the trees, intended for forming crowns. All subsequent pruning is carried out from the beginning of the spring period, about 3 weeks before the first buds appear.

Trimming is carried out systematically in order to rejuvenate and sanitize, which greatly reduces the likelihood of fungal diseases. We shorten one-year-olds to 80 cm, laying up to 3 main branches. Next year, we shorten the central part of the trees by about 60 cm, measuring the distance from the highest branch of the first tier.

We start feeding from the time when the trees begin to bear fruit. Organic matter is applied no more than 1 time in 2 years, and mineral fertilizers - twice a year. In the fall, for digging, phosphorus and potassium supplements are useful, and in the spring - nitrogenous ones. Approximately once every 5 years, the soil is additionally limed with dolomite flour or ash.

One of the keys to a good cherry harvest is proper care, a mandatory step of which is pruning. Pruning is one of the simplest procedures, and it doesn't require a lot of tools and time. After the procedure, the cherry tree redistributes a significant part of its vitality to the formation of a crop, which becomes better and more stable.
For abundant fruiting and successful growth, the cherry tree must be fed. Cherry makes rather high demands on the quality of feeding. For it, you can use both organic and mineral mixtures. At each stage of the growing season of a fruit tree, it needs different trace elements.

Disease and pest resistance

A significant drawback of culture is considered its susceptibility to coccomycosis and moniliosis. In the first case, the leaves are strongly affected, less often the fruits.

Getting rid of such serious diseases is the removal of the affected branches and the treatment of the sections with the composition of copper and iron sulfate. The fallen leaves are burned. At least twice a season, trees are treated with a 3% composition of Bordeaux liquid.

Requirements for soil and climatic conditions

The culture is sufficiently frost-resistant, it easily keeps temperatures down to –30 degrees Celsius. She copes well with droughts - moisture deficit has practically no effect on the quality of the fruits removed.

Cherries are found in almost every garden plot. And if every year she pleases with a bountiful harvest of large and sweet berries, then the question arises about the reproduction of such an effective variety. Cherries can be propagated by cuttings, seeds, layering, grafting, shoots. Each of the methods has its own characteristics.
Main characteristics
Authors
Voronchikhina Alexandra Yakovlevna (Rossosh zonal experimental gardening station)
Year of approval
2000
View
common
Appointment
universal
Average yield
12-25 kg per tree
Wood
Barrel type
wood
Growth type
medium-sized
Height, m
3-4
Crown
panicle, medium density
Escapes
straight, yellowish green, naked
Leaves
dark green, matte, with a double serrate edge
Durability of wood
short-lived
Fruit
Fruit size
large
Fruit weight, g
4,1
Fruit shape
oval
Fruit color
black
Pulp color
Dark red
Pulp (consistency)
juicy
Taste
sweet and sour
Juice color
Dark red
Detachment of fruits
dry
Fruit composition
dry matter content 14.5%, sugar 9.7%, acid 1.5%, vitamin C 11.3 mg /%
Fresh fruit tasting
4.1 points
Growing
Self-fertility
self-infertile
Pollinator varieties
Kent, Griot Ostheim
Winter hardiness
high
The soil
easy
Location
well lit place
Growing regions
North Caucasian
Resistance to fungal diseases
steady
Coccomycosis resistance
moderate to severe
Resistance to moniliosis
unstable
Maturation
Early maturity
3 years after planting
Ripening period
early middle
Fruiting period
at the end of June
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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