Tempranillo grape

Tempranillo grape
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Spain
  • Appointment: technical
  • Berry color: intense black with a matte finish
  • Ripening period: late
  • Frost resistance, ° C: -18
  • Name synonyms: Aragonez, Aragones, Cencibel, Chinchigliano, Grenache de Logrono, Ojo de liebre, Tempranilla, Tempranillo de la Rioja, Tinta roriz, Tempranillo, Tempranillo tinto (Pais del Tempranillo) (Tinto del Tinto) , Tinto fino, Tinto Madrid, Tinto de la Rioja, Tinto de toro, Ull de llebre
  • Flower type: bisexual
  • Skin: thin
  • Appeared when crossing: Albillo Major x Benedicto
  • Berry shape: rounded or slightly flattened
View all specifications

The Tempranillo grape variety originated in Spain and translates as "early". Due to the early ripening period compared to other wine varieties, it gained fame throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Connoisseurs consider this grape to be a descendant of the Pinot noir variety.

Breeding history

According to legend, pilgrim monks from Burgundy brought cuttings of Pinot noir grapes to the northern province of Spain - Rioja. But historical evidence is lacking, and biological examination denies the related roots of these varieties of grapes.

Geography of distribution

The Tempranillo grape, due to its unpretentiousness and excellent quality of the fruit, began to be grown in the center and in the north of Spain. In the 18th century, Tempranillo spread to Portugal. By the end of the 20th century, North America, Europe, Australia, Argentina showed interest in it.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, the variety is cultivated only in warm areas:

  • Krasnodar region;
  • Dagestan.

In Russia, Tempranillo grapes are cultivated by about 1% of the country's producers. In other regions, this culture can get sick or die, and the berries will be small and sour in taste.

Description

The Tempranillo grape has a fast growing shrub with few leaves. The leaves are large, wrinkled. The plant can have 20 shoots at once, about 7 meters long, which have time to fully ripen.

Ripening period

The growing season is 4-4.5 months, but on condition that the culture grows in a climate similar to the Mediterranean. Then ripening can occur 1-2 weeks earlier.

Bunches

The brushes of this variety are similar to small cones and reach a weight of 600-700 grams. Juveniles are often prone to cluster peas.

Berries

The size of Tempranillo grapes is small, up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The skin is dark with a tint of color. One berry weighs about 8 grams. This grape variety receives the highest tasting marks.

Taste

Fruits with sufficient sugar content and acidity. With frequent rains and high humidity, the taste of the berries deteriorates, and the flesh becomes watery. Wine from such a harvest will be of poor quality.

The Tempranillo grape is a popular variety in Spain and Portugal. Famous port wines with different fruit aftertaste are a feature of this grape.

Yield

Due to the small size of the bush, planting is recommended to be done more often. The yield from this only increases. During heavy rains, the ovary and flowers do not crumble, which does not harm the crop. The yield is influenced by the fertility of the land and high mountain climatic conditions.

If you cultivate this pearl of Spain correctly, you can get bountiful harvests - about 5 kg of grapes per bush.

The choice of planting material
Experienced gardeners recommend that beginners take cuttings and seedlings from those who made them from their vines and are professionally engaged in the production of such material.
You can evaluate the quality by cutting off a small amount of bark. When growing a bush from a cuttings and observing the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 90%, the high quality of the plant is practically guaranteed. It is possible to control the development of grapes at all stages.
Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 100%.The seedlings must be healthy. Pay attention to the absence of blisters, growths, or other signs of disease.

Growing features

This variety is quite capricious and requires special cultivation conditions:

  • the use of trellises for tying vines;
  • prevention of diseases and pests about 3 times a year;
  • sanitary and formative pruning of the bush to increase the yield;
  • formation of underground irrigation, mulching and soil drainage;
  • top dressing with organic and mineral fertilizers.

Landing

This crop is planted in May, when the threat of frost has passed and daylight hours increase. This is necessary for the development of shoots and the formation of ovaries.

Landing features
In order for the vine to give a signal harvest after 3 years, it is necessary to take into account many factors - from the type of soil on the site to the nearby plants.

Pollination

Flowers have the properties of both sexes (bisexual), so no artificial pollination is required.

Pruning

The grape bushes are pruned every year, in spring and autumn. Due to the fact that the vine has a large distance between the nodes, it is cut into 6-7 buds. After pruning, the bush takes on the shape of a "goblet". In the spring, they get rid of 80% of the growth of last year. This pruning operation should only be carried out on healthy plants.

Garden tools should be well sharpened and disinfected. Pruned vines need to be treated with garden varnish.

Pruning is one of the main grape care procedures. Depending on the purpose of pruning and the type of plant, the appropriate type of formation is selected.

Watering

The correct watering regime doubles the yield of this grape variety. There are two methods of watering the vine.

  • In a trench or furrow. The disadvantage of this method is the excessive moisture content of the top layer. This can contribute to the onset of fungal diseases.
  • In the drainage in the form of a hole or hole. The advantage of this method is that moisture and nutrients immediately go to the root system of the bush.

There are vegetative and moisture-charging irrigation. Vegetation irrigation is carried out in stages:

  • to swelling of the kidneys;
  • after flowering;
  • after the formation of the berries.

Moisture loaders are produced in spring and autumn. If the seedling is planted in the fall, then watered with cold water. In the spring, on the contrary, with warm water.

Irrigation schemes
In order for the berries to be large and juicy, it is necessary to organize full watering and feeding. All standards must be adjusted for weather conditions and the rate of evaporation of the liquid.
With a frequent watering scheme, it is recommended to moisturize once every two weeks (that is, twice a month during flowering and the appearance of berries) so that the earth is saturated 50 cm deep so that the plant does not switch to superficial (dew) roots. This amount can be reduced by mulching the crop with straw.
With a rare irrigation scheme, choosing the age and maturation of the grapes, you can use the standards presented in the table in another article.

Frost resistance and the need for shelter

The Tempranillo grape is afraid of frost, so it needs shelter. For this, straw, non-woven material is used.

Shelter for the winter is a very important step for the preservation of many grape varieties after wintering.

Diseases and pests

Tempranillo grapes lack immunity to a number of diseases:

  • gray rot;
  • mildew;
  • oidium.

The treatment is carried out with contact action fungicides and insecticides. The most dangerous pest is phylloxera, which is found in the roots of grapes and leads to death of the bush. Only chemical treatment will help.

Storage

Harvesting Tempranillo grapes is done in dry weather using a sharp knife or pruner. This grape variety is practically not stored, but is completely sent for processing, for making wine.

General characteristics
Authors
Spain
Appeared when crossing
Albillo Major x Benedicto
Name synonyms
Aragonez, Aragones, Cencibel, Chinchigliano, Grenache de Logrono, Ojo de liebre, Tempranilla, Tempranillo de la Rioja, Tinta roriz, Tempranillo, Tempranillo tinto (Tempranillo tinto) (Tinto del Pais) Tinto fino, Tinto Madrid, Tinto de la Rioja, Tinto de toro, Ull de llebre
Appointment
technical
Berries
Berry color
intense black with a matte finish
Skin
thin
Pulp
dense
Berry shape
rounded or slightly flattened
Berry size
average
Growing
Frost resistance, ° C
-18
Flower type
bisexual
Maturation
Ripening period
late
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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