Grape Centenary

Grape Centenary
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Davis Station, California, USA
  • Appointment: dining room
  • Berry color: White
  • Taste: harmonious
  • With bones: No
  • Ripening period: early middle
  • Ripening period, days: 115-125
  • Frost resistance, ° C: -21
  • Name synonyms: Centennial seedless
  • Bunch weight, g: 400-500
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The grape variety has been used for centuries to make a popular delicacy - raisins.

Breeding history

The variety was developed at Davis Station in California in 1966. I managed to get it by crossing the other two species: Emperor x Pirovano 75. Only in the 80s. The century was entered on the register of America.

Geography of distribution

Today, summer residents and gardeners around the world grow grapes on their land. There are large plantations on the territory of our country. Most of all, the variety is concentrated in the south of Russia and in its central part.

The centenary can be found in the following regions:

  • Krasnodar region;
  • Voronezh region;
  • Moscow region;
  • Rostov;
  • Yaroslavskaya oblast.

If we talk about where you can find the variety in the world, then these are most of the states of the United States, Australia, Chile, Italy and even South Africa.

Description

The century belongs to the table grape varieties. Bisexual flowers are formed on the plant.

Bushes quickly gain green mass, so the variety is classified as very vigorous.

The berries do not crumble, do not rot, which is why grapes have become so in demand. In winter, mature plants do not need to be covered.

Ripening period

Fruits ripen 115-125 days after the buds swell.

Bunches

The bunches grow large and conical in shape. The berries are on them in a moderate density relative to each other.

The mass of one bunch reaches 400-500 grams.

Berries

There is no seed inside the fruit. The grapes are ideal for making salads.

The fruits are white, the berries contain 130 g / dm³ of sugar. The acidity level is 6.

When you eat such grapes, you understand that the skin is thin, almost imperceptible. Inside each berry is crispy, juicy pulp. The weight of one fruit is 6 grams.

Taste

The Century grapes also fell in love for their harmonious taste, so they often become the main decoration of the table.

Yield

The plant belongs to high-yielding varieties.

The choice of planting material
Experienced gardeners recommend that beginners take cuttings and seedlings from those who made them from their vines and are professionally engaged in the production of such material.
You can evaluate the quality by cutting off a small amount of bark. When growing a bush from a cuttings and observing the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 90%, the high quality of the plant is practically guaranteed. It is possible to control the development of grapes at all stages.
Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 100%. The seedlings must be healthy. Pay attention to the absence of blisters, growths, or other signs of disease.

Growing features

Cuttings of this variety have a high survival rate. By the fourth year, you can harvest. Ultra-compact and compressed vines in grafted grapes.

Be sure to thin out the bushes so as not to overload the plant. After banding, the immature part of the hand is removed.

The advantage of this species is that it is not prone to peas. Gibberellin is not required.

Landing

For planting, only the sunny side of the site is used. It is best when the rows run from south to north.

Cuttings are planted with equal success both in spring and in autumn. As with other varieties, the planting pit is prepared in advance. Dimensions - 80x80 cm, depth no more than a meter.

Fertilized soil is laid in the pit. Mix compost, humus and sand if the soil is clayey.

The mixture is compacted at the bottom and watered.

You can breed the Century through its own roots. Cuttings are recommended to be planted at a distance of 3 meters.

Landing features
In order for the vine to give a signal harvest after 3 years, it is necessary to take into account many factors - from the type of soil on the site to the nearby plants.

Pollination

Normalization by inflorescences is not required. The flowers are perfectly pollinated.

Pruning

The variety is cut at the rate of 10-12 eyes per vine. The buds located at the base are less fertile. If you remove them, then the yield will increase.

Pruning is one of the main grape care procedures. Depending on the purpose of pruning and the type of plant, the appropriate type of formation is selected.

Watering

The first spring watering depends on how much snow fell in winter. If it is not enough, then they begin to add additional moisture from March, if a lot - from April.

Irrigation is carried out at the root. Moisture must be distributed and absorbed evenly.

Before flowering, a second watering is performed three weeks before flowering. When flowers appear, there is no need for this. Watering is resumed when berries appear.

Watering is stopped two weeks before harvesting. If this condition is not met, then the amount of sugar in the fruit is significantly reduced.

The last time is to irrigate the land after harvesting. When the soil cracks, it damages the root system of the bushes, which negatively affects the yield afterwards.

10 liters of water is enough for each bush, while it should not be cold.

Irrigation schemes
In order for the berries to be large and juicy, it is necessary to organize full watering and feeding. All standards must be adjusted for weather conditions and the rate of evaporation of the liquid.
With a frequent watering scheme, it is recommended to moisturize once every two weeks (that is, twice a month during flowering and the appearance of berries) so that the earth is saturated 50 cm deep so that the plant does not switch to superficial (dew) roots. This amount can be reduced by mulching the crop with straw.
With a rare irrigation scheme, choosing the age and maturation of the grapes, you can use the standards presented in the table in another article.

Top dressing

When planting, fertilizers are introduced into the pit, they are enough for the first year. In the spring, you will need 50 grams of nitrogen, 40 grams of superphosphate and 30 grams of potassium salt.

Before flowers appear on the bushes (in 3 weeks), fertilizing is imperative. It consists of slurry. For 20 liters of water, 10 kilograms of manure is enough. This composition is then diluted fivefold. You will also need superphosphate in the amount of 20 grams and potassium salt - 15 grams.

In the period when the ovaries are already beginning to form, fertilizers must also be used: 50 grams of superphosphate and 250 grams of ash.

All fertilizers should be applied exclusively in liquid form. They do not water at the root, but pre-make grooves around the trunk. The distance from the stem is at least 50 centimeters, otherwise you can burn the roots.

Frost resistance and the need for shelter

In the Century, frost resistance is -21 ° C.

Shelter for the winter is a very important step for the preservation of many grape varieties after wintering.

Diseases and pests

This grape has low resistance to fungal diseases.

Wasps do not eat it, therefore, it is not required to additionally cover the bunches.

Bushes are sprayed against insects as a prophylaxis. A biennial leafworm often damages grapes. Hitting under the bark, it destroys the plant.

Phyloxera is the main enemy that you have to fight. The insect is not only harmful, but also highly fertile. To avoid the problem, experts recommend making a stock for resistant varieties.

Storage

The grapes are well stored both on the vine and in favorable conditions in the warehouse. The longer the bunch lies, the brighter it becomes, and sugar accumulates in it.

It is worth removing the fruits from direct sunlight, otherwise brown spots will form on them.

General characteristics
Authors
Davis Station, California, USA
Appeared when crossing
GOLD x Q25-6 (Emperor x Pirovano 75)
Year of approval
1980
Name synonyms
Centennial seedless
Appointment
dining room
Yield
high-yielding
Marketability
high
Bunches
Bunch shape
conical
Density of the bunch
moderate to medium-dense
Bunch weight, g
400-500
Berries
Berry color
White
With bones
No
Taste
harmonious
Sugar, g / dm³
130
Acidity, g / dm³
6,0
Skin
thin, not felt when eaten
Pulp
dense, crispy
Berry shape
oval
Berry weight, g
6
Growing
Frost resistance, ° C
-21
Flower type
bisexual
The power of growth
very vigorous
Pruning vines, eyes
10-12
The need for shelter
Yes
Resistance to fungal diseases
low
Maturation
Ripening period, days
115-125
Ripening period
early middle
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