Riesling grapes

Riesling grapes
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: Germany
  • Appointment: technical
  • Berry color: greenish-white with a yellowish tinge and sparse, small, dark brown dots
  • Taste: harmonious, pleasant
  • With bones: Yes
  • Ripening period: mid-late
  • Ripening period, days: 148 -160
  • Frost resistance, ° C: -22
  • Name synonyms: White Riesling, Gewürztraube, Graszewina, Lipka, Moselriesling, Kleiner Riesling, Nederlands, Reinrisling, Oberkircher, Petit Riesling, Rieslinok, Rhine Riesling
  • Bunch weight, g: 80-100
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A simple, "peasant" grape variety has been known for a long time. It is used to make the exquisite gourmet wine of the same name - Riesling.

Breeding history

The European Riesling grape variety was first heard in 1435 in Germany. Presumably, the authors bred it by crossing the female flowers of wild grapes with the pollen of its male parent, a hybrid form of Heinisch Weiss. Do not confuse the German variety with Italian Riesling, which does not have such a long history and valuable taste. The Rhine Riesling, which appeared when crossing varieties, has many synonyms for the name, these are:

  • Gewurztraube;

  • Sticky;

  • Rainrising;

  • Kleiner;

  • Petit Riesling;

  • White Riesling;

  • Grashevina;

  • Moselriesling;

  • Netherlands;

  • Oberkircher;

  • Rislinok.

Geography of distribution

Germany accounts for two thirds of the Rhine Riesling area. The earliest mention of its breeding belongs to farmers on the Moselle river in the Rheingau. Here it grows on 65% of the area of ​​all Rhine vineyards. The main cultivation regions of Riesling are:

  • Palatinate;

  • Rheingessen;

  • Nae;

  • Moselle-Saar-Ruver ;;

  • Württemberg;

  • Baden.

There is no vineyard in all of Germany that does not grow Riesling. However, this variety is successfully grown in other countries of the world.

Description

Shoots of young grapes are covered with thin fibers of light green color with a bronze tint. After a year, the branch becomes light brown with dark nodes. The vine ripens well and belongs to the vigorous type of grapes.

The foliage of the plant is medium in size, round, with deep and medium dissections of 3 or 5 lobes. The leaf is folded-funnel-shaped, "wrinkles" are large. The upper, medium-deep cutouts are closed with an oval gap.

Ripening period

From the moment when the buds blossomed on the vine and until the ripe fruits are removed, an average of 148-160 days pass. In this case, the sum of active temperatures should be 2896 ° C. In the usual regions, the berries begin to ripen at the end of September.

Bunches

The shape of the brush is cylindrical, it can be conical-cylindrical. The density of the bunch is dense or loose, its stem reaches 3 cm in size. One ripe bunch weighs about 80-100 grams. The size of the bunches is average: length 7-14 cm, width 6-8 cm.

Berries

The berries on the cluster have a rounded, medium-sized shape, their diameter is about 11-15 mm. The greenish-white color of the berries has a yellowish tint, sometimes the fruits are covered with small dark brown dots. The skin of the berries is strong, although thin.

Taste

The pulp of the grapes is juicy with a pleasant, balanced taste. Each pea contains seeds, 2-4 pcs.

Yield

Riesling belongs to the category of low-yielding grape varieties. Fruitful shoots on the vine are about 87%, the average number of bunches on a newly developed shoot is 1.6, on a fruitful one about 2, if the culture is stemless, then it is 1.2 and 1.6, respectively.

The choice of planting material
Experienced gardeners recommend that beginners take cuttings and seedlings from those who made them from their vines and are professionally engaged in the production of such material.
You can evaluate the quality by cutting off a small amount of bark. When growing a bush from a cuttings and observing the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 90%, the high quality of the plant is practically guaranteed. It is possible to control the development of grapes at all stages.
Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 100%. The seedlings must be healthy. Pay attention to the absence of blisters, growths, or other signs of disease.

Growing features

Soils rich in lime are most suitable for growing Riesling.

Dessert wines are made from fruits that hang on the vine for several days after ripening. For other types of wines, the bunches are plucked immediately after reaching the state of ripeness.

Landing

Cuttings of young Riesling grapes should be planted in autumn or winter. In this case, the following requirements must be observed:

  • the stalk for planting must be at least 20 cm high;

  • the root system of the shoot should contain at least 3-4 wet roots;

  • the plant must have at least 5-6 buds;

  • the air temperature during landing should not be outside the -10 ° С mark, but also not higher than + 15 ° С;

  • the plant is planted in a line;

  • the trench is made about 70 cm deep;

  • the diameter of the planting pit is made about 60 cm;

  • make the row spacing at least 3 meters;

  • leave the distance between the bushes of grapes about 1.2 meters;

  • fertilizer must be applied to the planting pit.

Before digging in the plant, renew its root system and dip the root into a growth promoter.

Landing features
In order for the vine to give a signal harvest after 3 years, it is necessary to take into account many factors - from the type of soil on the site to the nearby plants.

Pollination

The flowers of this grape are bisexual. To increase the yield by 20-25%, varieties belonging to the bisexual type of flowers can and should be additionally pollinated. To perform the procedure, boards with rabbit or bunny fur are used. The components of the pollinator variety are applied to them, and the flowers are treated with it.

Pruning

In order to thin out and accelerate branching, Riesling bushes are recommended to be cut. If this is not done, then, most likely, the yield of the bushes will decrease, and the berries will be not only small, but also sour. The manipulation is performed once every 3-5 years. Trim the bushes until they form the desired bush shape. The first pruning should be done in the spring, one year after planting the cutting. At the same time, damaged and weak branches are removed from the bush. To create the desired shape, 2 to 4 buds can be removed from healthy branches. After 5-6 years, pruning is carried out for sanitary purposes, while removing frozen and dry branches. The tops are trimmed to the first live point. To protect the plant from fungus, the place where a large branch is cut should be treated with a pitch.

Watering and feeding

During the period when the shoots of Riesling grapes are abundantly developing and growing, it should be watered once a week. In dry weather, two weeks before flowering, the plant also needs to be watered abundantly. Water is poured at the root. Watering is unnecessary in high humidity. The next period required for watering is the time for the formation of berries.

In dry conditions, the bushes should be watered before the onset of frost. At the same time, try not to get on the leaves of the plant, since moisture retention on them can lead to the appearance of infections and fungus.

To feed the plant, once, before planting it in the ground, it is necessary to add humus, peat, ash or compost. Then, when watering, the soil around the root system will be enriched with useful substances. A repeated dose of top dressing can be applied at the root in 3-4 years.

Pruning is one of the main grape care procedures. Depending on the purpose of pruning and the type of plant, the appropriate type of formation is selected.
Irrigation schemes
In order for the berries to be large and juicy, it is necessary to organize full watering and feeding. All standards must be adjusted for weather conditions and the rate of evaporation of the liquid.
With a frequent watering scheme, it is recommended to moisturize once every two weeks (that is, twice a month during flowering and the appearance of berries) so that the earth is saturated 50 cm deep so that the plant does not switch to superficial (dew) roots. This amount can be reduced by mulching the crop with straw.
With a rare irrigation scheme, having chosen the age and ripening period of the grapes, you can use the standards presented in the table in another article.

Frost resistance and the need for shelter

It is not at all necessary to shelter Riesling grapes from frost, but then you need to form a stem, the height of which will be within 1.2 m.A year after planting, it will take shape in young grapes on its own. In this way, a vertical stem without bends will be formed from the branches and buds of the bush. If bends appear, tie them to the support so that they grow in a vertical direction.

If you have a covering grape variety, or a cold region where frosts are up to -22, then the fan method should be used, with the formation of 3-4 sleeves. In order to evenly distribute the load, 2-3 fruit links must be placed on the trellis. It is not recommended to grow more than 30 shoots on one bush. The shelter is made of tarpaulin, spruce branches or agrofibre.

Shelter for the winter is a very important step for the preservation of many grape varieties after wintering.

Diseases and pests

Riesling belongs to varieties that are practically unstable to diseases. During prolonged rains or wet weather, it can be affected by gray mold. Powdery and bacterial cancer are no exception. The variety has good resistance to mildew. In this regard, it is necessary to take measures to protect the plant. For this, the grapes are treated in several stages with the necessary contact chemicals.

Storage

Riesling is a wine grape and is not intended for long-term storage. The bunches are cut with garden shears and immediately sent for processing for wine.

General characteristics
Authors
Germany
Appeared when crossing
? x Heinisch Weiss
Name synonyms
White Riesling, Gewürztraube, Graszewina, Lipka, Moselriesling, Kleiner Riesling, Nederlands, Reinrisling, Oberkircher, Petit Riesling, Rieslinok, Rhine Riesling
Appointment
technical
Yield
low-yielding
Bunches
Bunch shape
cylindrical
Density of the bunch
dense or loose
Bunch weight, g
80-100
Peeling
Yes
Berries
Berry color
greenish-white with a yellowish tinge and sparse, small, dark brown dots
With bones
Yes
Number of seeds, pcs.
2-4
Taste
harmonious, pleasant
Skin
thin, durable
Pulp
juicy
Berry shape
rounded
Berry size, mm
diameter 11-15
Berry size
average
Growing
Frost resistance, ° C
-22
Flower type
bisexual
The power of growth
vigorous
Percentage of fruitful shoots
87
Number of bunches per escape
on the developed - 1.6, on the fruitful 2
The need for normalization
Yes
Maturation
Ripening period, days
148 -160
The sum of active temperatures from the beginning of budding to technological maturity, ° C
2896
Ripening period
mid-late
Reviews
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