Hamburg Muscat Grape

Hamburg Muscat Grape
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: England
  • Appointment: universal
  • Berry color: violet blue
  • Taste: nutmeg
  • With bones: Yes
  • Ripening period: mid-late
  • Ripening period, days: 148
  • Frost resistance, ° C: -18
  • Name synonyms: Black Hamburg, Fekete muskotai, Moscatel negro, Muscat de Hamburg, Black Alexandrian muscat, Salamanna rossa, Tamayosa nyagra Hamburg, Hamburg Misket, Tsibibo nero, etc.
  • Bunch weight, g: 168-267
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A grape is a vine-like plant with a long vine, on which bunches of berries appear during the growing season. The grape family is rich in varietal diversity. A grape called Muscat of Hamburg has gained great popularity.

Breeding history

This variety was bred in 1858 thanks to English breeders by crossing Frankenthal and Alexandrian Muscat. In 2003, a DNA examination was carried out, which confirmed this information. In 1859 it was approved for widespread use. This grape variety can be found under other names. It can be called Black Hamburg or Moscatel negro, Fekete muskotay. The western name is Black Muscat, in America - Golden Hamburg, the French gave the name Muscat de Hamburg, in the countries that were previously part of the Soviet Union, they call Alexandrian Black Muscat.

Geography of distribution

Today this grape variety is widespread almost everywhere. It can be found in Greece, Italy, Moldova, and other countries.

Description

The shrub is usually medium-sized, but on more fertile soils, the vine reaches a height above average. Leaves grow abundantly on the vine, which is a distinctive feature of the variety.

The young vine is pink, the older one is brown, with noticeable red nodules.

The leaf is large, wavy at the edges. It has a five-bladed shape. In spring and summer, it is painted bright green, in autumn it becomes yellow. The flowers are bisexual, but their pollability is low, so the variety is characterized by peas.

Ripening period

Medium ripening variety, 140-150 days should pass before harvest. Until technological maturity from the beginning of blooming, the sum of active temperatures is 2870 ° C.

Bunches

The bunches are usually large, conical, branched, with a loose density. They reach weights from 168 to 267 grams.

Berries

The berries are often rounded, sometimes elongated, oval, violet-blue, with seeds. The number of seeds is 2-3 pieces. The size of the berries varies from 12 to 26 mm in length and from 11 to 17 mm in width. Weight - from 3.1 to 4.1 g.

Taste

The berries have a pronounced nutmeg flavor. The flesh of the berry is fleshy and juicy, covered with a dense skin. It contains sugar up to 160-220 g / dm3, acidity - 6-8 g / dm3.

Yield

The yield of the variety is high, but unstable. 67% of all shoots bear fruit, the average fruiting coefficient ranges from 0.94 on developed shoots to 1.10 on fruiting ones.

The choice of planting material
Experienced gardeners recommend that beginners take cuttings and seedlings from those who made them from their own vine and are professionally engaged in the production of such material.
You can evaluate the quality by cutting off a small amount of bark. When growing a bush from a cuttings and observing the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 90%, the high quality of the plant is practically guaranteed. It is possible to control the development of grapes at all stages.
Subject to the rules of agricultural technology, survival rate is about 100%. The seedlings must be healthy.Pay attention to the absence of blisters, growths, or other signs of disease.

Growing features

Muscat Hamburg does not tolerate the winter cold well, a drop in temperature of more than -18 degrees does not withstand, therefore, its cultivation is impossible in the northern regions.

Landing

Prefers loams, can grow on sandy soils. Bushes must be located at a distance of one and a half meters from each other, leave 1.5-2 meters between rows. Propagated by seedlings and cuttings. The best time for this is late October, early November.

Landing features
In order for the vine to give a signal harvest after 3 years, it is necessary to take into account many factors - from the type of soil on the site to the nearby plants.

Pollination

This grape variety is bisexual and does not require additional pollination.

Pruning

Shoots must be cut short, leaving 4 to 6 eyes on the vine. On average, 18-20 eyes should remain on the bush.

Pruning is one of the main grape care procedures. Depending on the purpose of pruning and the type of plant, the appropriate type of formation is selected.

Watering

Provided that there is enough rainfall, this grape variety does not need additional watering. If necessary, it is better to resort to drip irrigation.

Irrigation schemes
In order for the berries to be large and juicy, it is necessary to organize full watering and feeding. All standards must be adjusted for weather conditions and the rate of evaporation of the liquid.
With a frequent watering scheme, it is recommended to moisturize once every two weeks (that is, twice a month during flowering and the appearance of berries) so that the earth is saturated 50 cm deep so that the plant does not switch to superficial (dew) roots. This amount can be reduced by mulching the crop with straw.
With a rare irrigation scheme, having chosen the age and ripening period of the grapes, you can use the standards presented in the table in another article.

Top dressing

To obtain a higher yield, it is required to fertilize the land, this should be done 4-5 times a season. It is imperative to add nitrogen and phosphorus, since these elements have a direct effect on fruiting.

Frost resistance and the need for shelter

For the winter, shelter of the bush is required, since the frost resistance is low.

Shelter for the winter is a very important step for the preservation of many grape varieties after wintering.

Diseases and pests

Muscat Hamburg is resistant to fungal diseases, but it is not resistant to mildew, powdery mildew, gray berry rot, bacterial cancer, phylloxera and pests.

Storage

It is used not only in the production of wine, it is excellent for eating, as it has excellent taste, so it can be safely called universal. It tolerates transportation well - the bunches are stored for up to 3 days.

It should be noted that the variety is suitable for growing in warm regions, in case of a lack of water, drip irrigation should be used, there is a need to fertilize the land.

General characteristics
Authors
England
Appeared when crossing
Frankenthal x Alexandrian Muscat
Year of approval
1959
Name synonyms
Black Hamburg, Fekete muskotai, Moscatel negro, Muscat de Hamburg, Black Alexandrian muscat, Salamanna rossa, Tamayosa nyagra Hamburg, Hamburg Misket, Tsibibo nero, etc.
Appointment
universal
Yield
high-yielding
Transportability
Yes
Shelf life, days
2-3 months
Bunches
Bunch shape
conical, branched
Density of the bunch
loose
Bunch weight, g
168-267
Peeling
Yes
Berries
Berry color
violet blue
With bones
Yes
Number of seeds, pcs.
2-3
Taste
nutmeg
Sugar, g / dm³
160-220
Acidity, g / dm³
6-8
Skin
dense
Pulp
fleshy juicy
Berry shape
round and oval
Berry weight, g
3,1-4,1
Berry size, mm
12-26 long, 11-17 wide
Berry size
large
Tasting assessment, points
9
Growing
Frost resistance, ° C
-18
Flower type
bisexual
The power of growth
medium-sized
Percentage of fruitful shoots
67
Fruiting rate
0,94-1,10
The number of inflorescences on the shoot
on the developed - 1.06, on the fruitful - 1.58
Pruning vines, eyes
4-6
Eyes on the bush
18-20
The need for shelter
Yes
Resistance to fungal diseases
not resistant to mildew, powdery mildew, gray berry rot, bacterial cancer, phylloxera
Maturation
Ripening period, days
148
The sum of active temperatures from the beginning of budding to technological maturity, ° C
2870
Ripening period
mid-late
Reviews
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