- Authors: Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. (Netherlands)
- Year of approval: 2015
- Name synonyms: Usman
- Category: hybrid
- Growth type: determinant
- Appointment: fresh consumption
- Ripening period: ultra early
- Ripening time, days: 55-60
- Growing conditions: for open ground
- Marketability: high
Tomato Usman is a relatively new ultra-early hybrid variety belonging to the so-called Dutch line. Due to its high yield and excellent commercial qualities, it is ideal for commercial cultivation. It also pleases summer residents with early and tasty fruits.
Breeding history
The Usman nightshade crop is a hybrid of the 1st generation, appeared as a result of the painstaking work of the Dutch breeders of the Enza Zaden agricultural company. She has been working in the Netherlands since 1938, her specialization is selection, seed production. In 2014, the originator of Enza Zaden Beheer B.V. submitted an application to include the hybrid in the State Register of the Russian Federation. The admission to cultivation on the territory of all regions of Russia in private farms in open ground and in film tunnels was obtained in 2015. The synonym is Usman.
Description of the variety
The described culture is a bush plant of the determinant type of development. The bush is undersized, with medium-sized foliage, the color of the leaves is light green. A simple inflorescence develops.
The main qualities of the fruit
Usman tomatoes are distinguished by excellent commercial qualities, the same size, shape, and these indicators do not change throughout the entire growing season. The fruits are classified as large, weighing in the range of 180-200 g (sometimes larger specimens weighing 250 g). The shape of the berries is flat-round, with medium ribbing, a large number of fruits have a characteristic spout. Tomatoes are dense, therefore they are distinguished by high transportability, good keeping quality and resistance to cracking.
Unripe fruits are colored in a light green tone, ripe berries are bright, dark red. Multi-chamber tomatoes, each with 6 nests or more.
Taste characteristics
The fruits of Usman tomatoes have excellent taste. The purpose of the product is salad, most often it is used fresh.
Ripening and fruiting
The Usman hybrid is an ultra-early culture. Differs in record values of fruit ripening time: 55-60 days.
Yield
The yield of marketable fruits is noted as high and amounts to 6.8 kg / sq. m. At the same time, the fruits ripen quite amicably.
The timing of planting seedlings and planting in the ground
The culture is ideal for growing both outdoors and under temporary shelter. Seeds for seedlings begin to be planted in March.
Growing tomato seedlings is an extremely important process, because it largely depends on whether the gardener will be able to harvest at all. All aspects must be taken into account, from seedbed preparation to planting in the ground.
Landing scheme
The grown seedlings are planted in a greenhouse, while it is necessary to maintain a distance between the holes of 30–40 cm. When planting, the stems of the bushes are buried 2 cm into the ground. After the end of the transplant procedure, the bushes should be watered with warm water.
Growing and care
Recommend 2 technologies for growing crops.
- Option 1. Sowing seeds - this method is fraught with certain difficulties, and it is also more laborious. It includes taking care of seedlings, further diving of sprouts, followed by planting seedlings in the ground or in a closed complex / greenhouse.
- Option 2. This is the cultivation of seedlings in separate cups or in peat tablets. At the 3-4 leaf stage, it is recommended to transfer the pots or tablets along with the seedlings to a permanent place. It will be important to have warmth, as well as sufficient illumination in the place of constant growth. Regular watering is also important, the amount and temperature of the irrigation fluid are taken into account.
In both cases, it is necessary to observe the basic measures for the care of the crop, such as feeding, irrigation, loosening, mulching.
A plant needs different micronutrients at each stage of growth. All fertilizers can be divided into two groups: mineral and organic. Folk remedies are often used: iodine, yeast, bird droppings, eggshells.
It is important to observe the rate and period of feeding. This also applies to folk remedies and organic fertilizers.
Disease and pest resistance
As a hybrid, Usman tomatoes have a fairly high immunity to many diseases of nightshade crops, such as:
- powdery mildew due to Leveillula taurica (Lt / On);
- fusarium wilting (Fol: 0.1);
- verticillium caused by Verticillium albo-atrum and Verticillium dahliae (Va / Vd).
The hybrid is also resistant to tomato bronzing virus (TSWV) and 3 types of root nematodes (Ma / Mi / Mj).
