Description and selection of drilling and welding machines

Drilling and filler machine is a special type of equipment that is in demand in the woodworking industry. The unit of this type is used to form holes in the elements of cabinet furniture.

The design of the drilling and filler machine resembles in its structure the multi-spindle installation, which was previously used for drilling frames in wood. Previously, such equipment was able to drill up to a maximum of 5 holes. Advanced models can simultaneously form up to 27 notches in a part.

The main structural element of the drilling and planting type machine is the bed. Other components:

• head;
• emphasis - clamping device;
• pneumatic cylinders.

Manufacturers install different types of drilling heads: from fixed to multi-profile, which, in turn, can be located both vertically and horizontally. Some models are equipped with angled heads.

Regardless of the type and location, the drilling head is a rail in which holes are provided. Collets are installed inside them, the position of which is fixed by bearings. Collets are subsequently installed:

• drill;
• sweep;
• countersinks.

The drive is located on the back of the collet. The transmission is belt, gear or chain. Putting the device into operation is provided by the provided electric motor.

The work table is responsible for the correct position of the workpiece, which also acts as a part of the design of the drilling and filler equipment. The table is additionally equipped with a grid or ruler.

The last element of the design is the control unit, through which it is possible to adjust the rotational speed of the drill.

Drilling and filler machines were first created when production began to work with plate materials. Previously, elements of the furniture structure were connected using grooves and spikes, but later, when laminated chipboard slabs came into use, such a connection became impossible.

Any furniture represents an overall structure, for the assembly of which a large number of holes or hinges must be provided in the elements. At the same time, it is important to take care of their quality and location relative to each other so that the parts can be easily connected.

Manufacturers regularly update and expand the line of drilling and filler equipment. All units can be classified according to a number of parameters into several groups.

There are several classifications of machine tool equipment. If we consider the types of machines by the number of spindles, then they are:

• with one spindle;
• with a lot of spindles.

According to the principle of operation, the units are divided into 4 types.

1. Manual. Such devices are included in the work only after the head is activated. To do this, you need to make an effort.
2. Electrical. An electric motor is provided in the design of such models. He starts the unit in operation and is responsible for the reliable performance of the task.
3. Hydraulic. Here, manufacturers use a hydraulic cylinder that has a long service life and high efficiency.
4. Pneumatic. A young group of machines that depend on a pneumatic drive for their work.

Additional classification implies the division of machines according to the method of processing the workpiece. Manufacturers distinguish 3 main groups:

• positional;
• checkpoints;
• with CNC.

The simplest machine is the checkpoint. Such installations are suitable for home use. Positioning machines can be called universal, and CNC models are more suitable for use in production where processing of large volumes is planned.

The machine tool market is represented by a wide range of boring and landing machines, which is why the buyer is often lost and cannot choose the right model the first time. It is worth presenting the top 5 best machines for working both in an enterprise and in a private workshop.

The leader of the rating is a multi-spindle machine made by a manufacturer from Italy. Designed for the formation of holes of medium diameter - up to 40 mm. The installation is mainly used for processing flat and end elements of furniture structures. Pros:

• multifunctionality;
• aspiration system;
• fine adjustment of parameters;
• a large number of spindles.

The latter makes it possible to work with large volumes. The total number of spindles in the group is 21.

A machine from Italy, demanded by the owners of private workshops that deal with the processing of wood products and the assembly of furniture. The design of the model is equipped with 21 spindles, which allows you to work with large volumes and achieve high accuracy of hole formation. Other pluses:

• fixing workpieces on the sides;
• speed control;
• long service life;
• locking system.

Drilling machine with an electric motor. A simple model from China that can be used to machine all kinds of mounting holes in wood-based panels and other elements used to assemble furniture. Installation pros:

• 6 calipers;
• long service life;
• high drilling precision.

The machine is designed for long-term operation. The manufacturer provides for a continuous mode of hole formation, and the risk of rapid wear of components is prevented.

The last machine of the rating, but at the same time of no less quality in terms of characteristics. The single traverse model is suitable for drilling holes in flat elements and bars. Advantages of the unit:

• quick-change cartridges;
• processing of large workpieces;
• high quality of drilling.

The design provides stops for symmetrical positioning of the part on the table.

In addition to the main elements, the drilling and planting machine can contain various attachments and other consumables. Basically, masters use as components:

• quick-detachable drills;
• cutters;
• sweep.

With their help, it is possible to achieve high accuracy of drilling technological holes in the furniture facade, as well as to speed up the operation of the equipment. Drilling and planting machines are reliable and demanded units, through additional equipment and lubrication of which it is possible to organize conveyor production. The result of this approach is a reduction in the time spent on processing every detail of future furniture.

Buying a drilling and filler machine requires a responsible approach. The main criterion for furniture production is considered to be the quality of structural elements, on the connection of which comfort and safety of use depend. Therefore, when choosing a machine, it is worth considering the points listed below.

1. Number of drives. If there are a lot of spindles, then it is better to give preference to models equipped with two motors. This solution extends the life of the structure and prevents rapid wear of parts.
2. The quality of the machine components. Particular attention should be paid to hoses and stops, which ensure the fixation of the workpiece. It is important that the elements are elastic and rigid, otherwise it is worth looking at a different model.
3. Transfer type. It can be temporary, gear or chain. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages. But the better option is machines with gears made of durable steel, the worst is machines with a belt drive.
4. Functionality. Here it is worth looking at the presence or absence of adjustment of the head lifting height, with the help of which it will be possible to improve the quality of processing. Models with this function are the most popular.
5. Specifications. It is worth paying attention to the consumption of electricity by the equipment and the voltage indicator at which the device can be turned on. So, it is impractical to buy models with a connection to a three-phase network for use at home. The best solution would be a compact, low-power device.
6. Control method. The work of the machines can be adjusted both manually and using an automatic system. When considering this parameter, it is also worth considering the possibility of changing the settings and the timing of the equipment calibration. Of course, CNC models are more expensive than simple counterparts. However, such installations are not always needed at home or in the workshop.
7. Manufacturer's warranty obligations. An important parameter that, if necessary, will help to exchange the machine or send the equipment for repair.

Before starting to work on the machine, it is recommended to first study the basics of work and the device of the selected model. To begin with, it is worthwhile to understand that a drilling and filler machine is a dangerous equipment to operate. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account all the rules and recommendations for working with such installations.

1. You can only interact with the equipment in protective clothing, gloves and a mask. It is also worth using glasses so that no shavings get into your eyes.
2. Before starting the equipment, you need to configure the basic indicators. In this case, the engine must be turned off.
3. If the device is multi-spindle, you should additionally think about the choice of drills used to form the holes.

Taking into account the listed recommendations, rules and tips will open access to all the capabilities of machine tools and reduce the risk of injury when performing the next task.