How to properly repair batteries for a screwdriver?

The screwdriver is an indispensable tool in many works. Its use is addressed both in domestic conditions and during construction activities. However, like any other technically complex product, the screwdriver is subject to certain breakdowns and malfunctions. One of the most common problems is battery failure. Today we'll take a closer look at how you can fix it.

Despite the fact that the screwdriver is a very convenient and functional device, which is in the arsenal of many craftsmen (both home and professional), it can still break. No equipment is immune from such problems. Often the source of a screwdriver malfunction is a faulty battery. Let's get acquainted with a list of the most common problems associated with the battery of this tool.

• In many cases, there is a loss of battery capacity in the screwdriver. Moreover, we can talk not only about one, but also about several batteries.
• Mechanical defects in the chain of the battery pack itself are likely. Such troubles are usually caused by the separation of the plates, which connect the jars to each other, or connect them to the terminals.
• Battery breakdown can be triggered by electrolyte oxidation - this is another common nuisance that many screwdriver owners face.
• Lithium can be decomposed in lithium-ion components.

If you choose the most common screwdriver battery defect, then the problem of capacity loss can be attributed to it. The point here is that the loss of the capacity of at least one element simply does not allow the rest of the jars to be fully charged normally and completely. As a result of receiving a defective charge, the battery begins to discharge rather quickly and inevitably (does not hold charging). Such a malfunction may be a consequence of the memory effect or the drying out of the electrolyte in the cans due to the fact that they were very hot during charging or worked under heavy loads.

If you notice that your screwdriver has stopped working properly and found out that the root of the problem lies in its battery, then the next step you need to determine is whether it is possible to repair it. To do this, you need to go to the disassembly of the tool body. It consists of two main parts, which are interconnected with screws or adhesive (depending on which model you have).

If the two halves of the case are fastened with screws, then you should not have problems disassembling it. Just unscrew the screws and separate the body structure. But if these components are glued together, then at the junction between them you will need to carefully insert a knife with a sharp blade and screw a self-tapping screw into this section. Very carefully, so as not to damage important elements, run the knife along the joint, thereby separating the halves of the case.

Having disassembled the body base, you will see the banks connected in series with each other. This structure suggests that, even if only one of them is damaged, the battery will not perform well as a whole.You will need to find the weak link in the chain that opens in front of you. Take the cells out of the case and carefully lay them out on the table so that you have unhindered access to absolutely all the necessary contacts. Now take the required voltage measurements of each individual element with a multimeter. To make the check easier and more convenient, write down all the indicators obtained on a separate piece of paper. Some people write them down right away on the corpus - do it as it suits you best.

The voltage value on the nickel-cadmium battery should be 1.2-1.4 V. If we are talking about lithium-ion, then other indicators are relevant here - 3.6-3.8 V. Having measured the voltage values, the banks will need to be carefully installed in the case again. Turn on the screwdriver and start working with it. Use the tool until its power is used up. After that, the screwdriver will need to be disassembled again. Write off the voltage readings again and fix them again. Cells with the lowest possible voltage after a full charge will once again demonstrate its impressive drop. If the indicators differ by 0.5-0.7 V, then it should be borne in mind that this difference is very significant. Such details will soon become completely "weakened" and become ineffective. They either need to be reanimated or replaced with new ones.

If you have a 12-volt tool in your arsenal, then you can resort to a simpler method for troubleshooting - exclude double disassembly-assembly. The first step is also to measure the voltage value of all fully charged parts. Write down the metrics you find. Connect the load in the form of a 12-volt bulb to the jars laid out on the table. It will discharge the battery. Then determine the voltage again. The area where the strongest fall is present is the weak one.

It is possible to restore the lost capacity of different batteries only in those types of batteries where there is a special memory effect. These varieties include nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride variants. To repair and restore them, you will have to stock up on a more powerful charging unit, which has a function for adjusting the voltage and current indicators. Having set the voltage level at 4 V, as well as the current strength at 200 mA, it will be necessary to act with this current on the components of the power supply, in which the maximum voltage drop was detected.

Defective batteries can be repaired and rebuilt using compression or sealing. This event is a kind of "dilution" of the electrolyte, which has become less in the battery bank. Now we are restoring the device. To carry out such procedures, you will need to perform a certain sequence of actions.

• First, you need to make a thin hole in the damaged battery, in which the electrolyte was boiling. This must be done in the end part of this part from the side of the "minus" contact. It is advisable to use a punch or thin drill for this purpose.
• Now you need to pump out the air from the jar. A syringe (up to 1 cc) is ideal for this.
• Using a syringe, inject 0.5-1 cc into the battery. see distilled water.
• The next step is to seal the jar using epoxy.
• It is necessary to equalize the potential, as well as discharge all the jars in the battery by connecting an extraneous load (this can be a 12-volt lamp). After that, you will need to fully charge the battery. Repeat the discharge and recharge cycles approximately 5-6 times.

If it is not possible to repair the components of the power supply in the battery, then they must be replaced. You can also do this with your own hands. This is not difficult. The main thing is to act carefully, carefully and according to the instructions. Try not to damage anything in the process. Of course, you can buy a new battery and install it in a screwdriver (they are interchangeable). You can replace the damaged can in the battery itself.

• First, remove from the chain of the device the battery that has ceased to function correctly. Given the fact that they are connected to each other with special plates built in using spot welding, it is better to use side cutters for this. Remember to leave a normal length (not too short) shank on a properly functioning jar during the process so that you can attach it to a new power part.
• Attach a new part with a soldering iron to the area where the old defective jar was. Remember to keep an eye on the polarity of the elements. The positive (+) lead must be soldered to the negative (-) lead and vice versa. To do this, you will need to use a soldering iron, the power of which is at least 40 W, as well as acid for it. If you did not manage to leave the required length of the plate, then it is permissible to connect all the jars using a copper conductor.
• Now we need to return the battery back to the case according to the same plan according to which it was there even before the repair work.
• Next, you need to equalize the charge on all the jars separately. This should be done by several cycles of discharging and recharging the device. Next, you need to check the voltage potentials on each of the available elements using a multimeter. They should all be kept at the same 1.3V level.

If we are talking about repairing battery blocks with lithium-ion banks, then you should act in a similar way. However, there is one nuance that can make the task a little difficult - it is disconnecting the battery from the board. Only one way will help here - replacing the damaged bank.

Often, owners of screwdrivers powered by nickel-cadmium batteries want to adjust the battery for lithium-ion batteries. Such popularity of the latter is quite understandable. They have many advantages over other options. These include:

• the ability to lighten the weight of the tool (it is more convenient to work with it if lithium-ion batteries are installed);
• it is possible to eliminate the notorious memory effect, because it simply does not exist in lithium-ion cells;
• when using such batteries, charging will occur several times faster.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that with a certain assembly scheme of the device it is possible to multiply the charge capacity several times, which means that the operating period of the screwdriver from a single charge will significantly increase. The positive aspects are, of course, obvious. But we must bear in mind that there are certain drawbacks in adapting technology for lithium-ion batteries. It is important to take into account both. Consider what disadvantages you can face with such work:

• lithium-ion power components are more expensive than other options;
• you will need to constantly maintain a certain degree of charge of such a battery (from 2.7 to 4.2 V), and for this you need to insert the charge and discharge controller board into the battery box;
• lithium-ion power parts are more impressive in size than their counterparts have, so it is not always convenient and problem-free to place them in the screwdriver body (often you have to resort to various tricks here);
• if you have to work in an environment of low temperatures, it is better not to use such a tool (lithium-ion batteries are "afraid" of cold weather).

If, considering all the pros and cons, you still decide to replace the nickel-cadmium batteries with lithium-ion, then you should carry out the following procedures.

• First, you need to determine the number of lithium-ion sources.
• You will also need to choose a suitable controller board for 4 batteries.
• Disassemble the battery case. Remove the nickel-cadmium cans from it. Do everything carefully so as not to break important details.
• Cut the entire chain with pliers or side cutters. Do not touch only the upper parts with the contacts necessary for connecting to the screwdriver.
• It is permissible to remove the thermistor, because after that the controller board will "observe" the overheating of the batteries.
• Then you can proceed to assembling a chain of lithium-ion batteries. Attach them consistently. Next, attach the controller board based on the diagram. Pay attention to polarity.
• Now place the prepared structure in the battery case. Lithium-ion batteries should be placed horizontally.
• Now you can safely close the battery with a lid. Fix the battery on the horizontally laid out batteries with the contacts on the old battery.

In order for the screwdriver battery to work as long as possible and function properly, it must be properly stored. Let's consider how this should be done using the example of different types of batteries.

• Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries must be discharged before being stored. But this should not be done completely. Discharge such devices in such a way that the screwdriver can continue to work with them, but not at its full capacity.
• If you have kept such a battery in storage for a long time, then it will need to be "shaken" in the same way as before the initial use. You should not neglect such procedures if you want the battery to work quickly and efficiently.
• If we are talking about a nickel-metal hydride battery, then it is advisable to fully charge them before sending for storage. If you do not use such a battery for more than a month, then periodically it will need to be sent for recharging.
• If the nickel-metal hydride battery has been in storage for a long period of time, then it will need to be installed and charged for about a day. Only if these simple conditions are met, the battery will work correctly.
• The lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries common today are allowed to be charged at almost any time. They are characterized by the lowest possible self-charging current. It is important to consider only that it is not recommended to discharge them completely.
• If, during operation, a screwdriver with a lithium-ion battery suddenly suddenly stops working at full strength, then you should not risk it. Send the battery to charge.

So that a new battery from a screwdriver (of any company) does not lose its capacity, the first few times it will need to be charged for 10-12 hours. During the operation of the screwdriver, it is advisable to use the battery until it is completely discharged. After that, hurry up to immediately connect it to the charger and leave it there until it is fully charged.

None of the firmware options will be effective when it comes to a nickel-cadmium battery in which the electrolyte has boiled.Capacity is inevitably lost in these details. When buying a new component of the power supply for the battery, it is very important to ensure that the level of its capacity and dimensional indicators correspond to the native elements of the screwdriver. Otherwise, it will be very problematic to install them, if not impossible.

If, when repairing the battery of a screwdriver, you resort to using a soldering iron, then you should keep in mind that you need to work with it as quickly as possible. This rule is due to the fact that holding this device for a long time can lead to destructive overheating of the battery parts. Act quickly but carefully.

If you decide to repair the battery of the tool on your own, then you should act carefully and accurately. try not to make mistakes so as not to harm the device even more. Remove and install individual components carefully so as not to damage other important parts. If you doubt your skills and abilities, then it is better to entrust the battery repair to experienced specialists, or buy a new battery and just install it in a screwdriver. In this case, it will be very easy to change this part.

For information on how to properly repair a battery for a screwdriver with your own hands, see the next video.