Features and use of self-rescuers in case of fire

What could be worse than a fire? At that moment, when people are surrounded by fire, and synthetic materials are burning around, emitting toxic substances, self-rescuers can help. You need to know everything about them in order to be able to use them in a critical situation.

Respiratory and vision personal protective equipment (RPE) was created and developed to save a person in the event that the environment itself poses a threat to human safety. For example, fires or leakage of toxic chemicals in process plants.

Mines, oil and gas platforms, flour mills - all of them have an increased fire hazard category. Statistics show that during fires, most people die not from fire, but from poisoning with smoke, poisonous vapors.

All fire-fighting personal life-saving equipment is divided into two types:

• insulating;
• filtering.

Insulating RPEs completely block the access of harmful substances from the external environment to a person. The design of such a kit includes an oxygen cylinder. In the first moments, a briquette with an oxygen-releasing composition is activated... Such means of protection are divided into a general purpose and a special one.

Filtering fire protection products are ready to go, designed for children from 7 years old and adults. Compact size, ease of use, low cost - all this makes these products available to a wide range of consumers. But the downside is that they are disposable.

Popular brands of filter media include Phoenix and Chance. In cases of man-made disasters, terrorist acts, when poisonous chemicals are in the air, they will save many human lives.

Consider the characteristics of the insulating kit.

• A person can be in this type of RPE for up to 150 minutes. It depends on several parameters - respiratory rate, activity, balloon volume.
• They can be heavy, up to four kilograms, while creating inconvenience and stress.
• Maximum allowable temperature: +200 C - no more than a minute, average temperature is + 60C.
• The isolation rescuers are valid for five years.

Features of the filtering model "Chance".

• Protection time from 25 minutes to one hour, it depends on the presence of toxic substances.
• It has no metal parts, the mask is held in place by elastic fasteners. This makes donning and adjusting easier.
• Almost all models are equipped with filters no heavier than 390 g, and only a few reach a weight of 700 g.
• The hood's resistance to damage and bright color enhances the ability to rescue.

Properties of the Phoenix self-rescuer.

• Usage time - up to 30 minutes.
• A capacious volume that allows you not to take off your glasses, it can be worn by people with a beard and large hair.
• Can be used for a child - its weight is 200 g.
• Good visibility, but does not tolerate temperatures over 60 C.

Which rescue equipment is better depends on the situation, but the self-contained self-rescuer still offers a higher guarantee of protection. On February 1, 2019, the national standard - GOST R 58202-2018 came into force. Organizations, companies, institutions are obliged to provide employees and visitors with RPE.

During an emergency, keep calm. Panic in such cases can deprive a person of all chances of salvation. The first thing to do during the evacuation is to get the mask out of the airtight bag. Then insert your hands into the opening, stretching it to put it on your head, while not forgetting that the filter should be opposite the nose and mouth.

The hood should fit snugly to the body, the hair is tucked in, and the elements of clothing do not interfere with the fit of the rescue hood. Elastic band or straps allow you to adjust the fit. In an emergency, you need to use the self-rescuer as quickly as possible, remembering to do everything right.

For a detailed overview of the SIP-1M insulating fire-fighting self-rescuer, see the following video.