Features of IZHS plots

The recent restrictive isolation measures have prompted many to consider moving into their own homes. Among several options for land design, the IZHS format is the most popular. What is hidden behind this abbreviation, what are the advantages and disadvantages of such an allotment, how to choose the right plot for individual housing construction - these and other important issues are discussed in our article.

The decoding of the term IZHS sounds like "individual housing construction". Currently, this option for registering land is popular, the reason is to use the land for almost any construction without unnecessary formalities and register it as property. The owner has the right to register in the house himself and register in the same place whoever he wishes. The building itself can be registered with a legal address.

IZHS is classified as one of the types of allotments on which one-apartment residential buildings of limited number of storeys can be erected (no more than 3 floors, a basement is possible). It is allowed to build storage rooms, a garage, household and outbuildings. A detached house is a house in which 1 family can live.

If the size of the site allows, you can plant a vegetable garden, do gardening. But IZhS is not intended for breeding livestock and poultry.

Land for individual housing construction can be bought from the state or received free of charge. The following categories of citizens can count on free receipt:

• families raising 3 or more children who have not reached the age of majority, while the parents must be officially registered, and the family must have the status of a large family;
• heroes of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation;
• holders of the Order of Labor Glory.

In a number of regions, this list also includes other categories of citizens.

To obtain all the necessary permits, you need to collect a certain package of documents, submit it to the administrative body. Wait for the provision of land for construction, after which - register the allotment. To preserve it, start construction of a residential building on the received site in the first 3 years.

The process of buying land for individual housing construction from the state includes the following steps:

• submitting an application to the administration with a request to allocate a plot for individual housing construction;
• decision on the provision of land for construction (the term for consideration of the application is up to 30 days);
• in case of a positive decision of the administration, an announcement of an auction is posted in the media;
• after the public auction, you can start processing the documents, while the participation of other auction participants is optional.

One of the main advantages is the opportunity to become the full owner of the land, use it as a personal household and obtain permanent registration. This is the main advantage of IZhS, from which a number of other "pluses" follow:

• reduction in tax deductions and the ability to issue a refund of 13% of the transaction amount;
• a simpler procedure for connecting the site to utilities;
• the ability to get a loan secured by the site;
• the possibility of erecting farm buildings, planting a garden;
• the possibility of registration of registration and assignment of a legal address to the building;
• independence from various partnerships.

Since the plots for individual housing construction are usually located within the city, this means good transport accessibility and improved quality of roads. With the subsequent sale of the plot, the price will increase, that is, the profitability of the land will increase.

As already noted, the allotment of individual housing construction is located within the settlement, and therefore municipal electricity, telephony, water supply, sewerage, electricity are supplied to it. This is another advantage of IZHS-plots. The owner will not have to repair roads and communications at his own expense - these are the tasks of the municipality.

The disadvantages are the regulation of the area and purpose of the land, the need to comply with the rules and formalities when buying land for individual housing construction. So, according to the current legislation, after receiving the land on it no later than 3 years later, construction should be started. It is forbidden to use the site for other purposes. This is regulated by Article 284 of the Town Planning Code.

If the construction of a residential facility has not been started within 3 years, there is a risk that the state will seize the land without compensation. An exception is the period of land development, as well as situations when, for various reasons (it will be necessary to document it), the construction could not be started on time.

It should also be remembered that the main purpose of the IZhS plot is living, therefore, if you plan to breed livestock, beekeeping, poultry, this land tenure format will not suit you.

Site parameters are determined by local town planning regulations. This is defined in Article 30 of the Urban Planning Code and implies that the parameters (length and width) of the site are determined at the level of administration to which the land belongs.

There are standards that determine the maximum and minimum areas of land for individual housing construction. These norms are relevant only on condition that the allotments are distributed by local authorities.

The size of the allotment depends on the following factors: the area of ​​the region and the area of ​​free territories in it, the population and the density of buildings within the city (village).

As a rule, on average, the minimum area of ​​the allotment is 6-7 ares. In sparsely populated areas it can reach 10-12 acres.

Despite the fact that the parameters of the site are determined by the local government, there are norms below which the area of ​​individual housing construction cannot be. According to SNiP, the area of ​​IZHS cannot be less than 3 acres.

Each region can establish its own standard, without contradicting the regulations of SNiP, that is the area of ​​individual housing construction can be more than 3 acres, but less - no. For example, in the Leningrad region, the minimum area is 10 acres.

Compliance of the site with the minimum established parameters is a very important indicator.... If the allotment has a smaller area, then its owner will not receive a building permit.

As for the maximum area of ​​the allotment, there are no strict regulations. Local authorities have the right to provide land of any area based on each specific situation. The largest in terms of area are the plots of the Moscow region - up to 30 acres.

Before starting construction on the land of individual housing construction, it will be necessary to draw up a project for future housing and approve it in the department of architecture of the settlement.

In addition to the plan, in order to obtain a permit to start construction, it is necessary:

• provide documents establishing the right to an individual housing estate;
• certificate on the determination of the boundaries of the allotment and the breakdown of buildings, base axes and red lines of a residential object;
• cadastral plan of the site;
• the project of the house, which is made by the BTI employees.

If everything is in order with the documents, the owner receives a building permit, which is valid for 10 years.

It will be possible to register and live in the house legally after it is accepted and the appropriate acts are signed by the fire, utilities and the architect.

After receiving the acts - permits for the operation of the facility, you can begin to register the rights to the facility. To do this, you should:

• provide those. documents for a residential building;
• fill out the necessary documents;
• pay the state fee.

Requirements for residential and business facilities are determined by the Land Code, as well as the provisions of SNiP of 2001. The main provisions relate to the placement of buildings, the location of certain objects relative to each other. Let's consider the most significant ones.

• The maximum building area is 1.5 thousand m2.
• The height of buildings should not exceed 20 meters.
• The distance from the building to a passage or street with quiet traffic must be at least 3 meters, to the nearest road - at least 5 meters.
• The distance between the fence of the plot and the house is at least 3 meters, between the fence and utility blocks - at least 1 meter.
• The toilet is installed at least 8 meters from the neighbors.
• If there is a pet block, it should be located at least 4 meters from the site fence.
• The fence between adjacent areas should be made of opaque material, and its maximum height is 75 cm (a higher fence can be installed between neighbors with mutual agreement).
• The construction of commercial real estate on the land of individual housing construction is unacceptable, the erected residential object cannot be divided into several real estate objects.
• The house is being built for one family, the construction of an apartment building is unacceptable.
• When building near a reservoir, river or lake, a reinforced foundation must be erected.

There are certain requirements for the interior layout of the house. So, the height of the ceilings must be at least 2.5 meters. The minimum area of ​​the living room is 12 m2, bedrooms - 8 m2, bathrooms - 2.7 m2.

When buying a plot of individual housing construction, it is recommended to check it in terms of certain criteria.

First of all, pay attention to whether the land surveying process has been carried out in relation to the selected site. As a rule, the designation of the legal boundaries of the allotment is carried out by the selling party, and the buyer receives a cadastral plan and a topographic survey plan. In the latter, underground communications are indicated.

Finally, it is worth making sure that the property is not under arrest or in debt.

It is more profitable to purchase a plot with central water supply. If there is none, you should go around the neighbors and find out the details of drilling an artesian well. Also ask about the depth of the waters, what is the nature of the water and soil, etc. It is important to understand that drilling is a resource-intensive process; it is worthwhile to immediately include the cost in the potential costs of the site.

Another important indicator, including determining the value of the allotment. If the price is suspiciously understated, you should pay attention to the condition and characteristics of the soil. For this, special studies are carried out. The results obtained during them will be useful when choosing the type of foundation for a house and other permitted buildings.

When assessing the quality of the soil, you need to pay attention to the depth of the groundwater. This can be done on your own using a hand drill. Make a shallow hole and leave it for an hour and a half. If after this time water collects in the well, this indicates that a drainage system is needed.

It is worth asking neighbors how quickly water leaves their sites after melting snow, showers, whether there are cases of waterlogging of the soil. If you plan to build a cellar, you need a site that does not retain water.

The best option is a centralized sewerage system... The presence of such affects the cost of the site in the direction of its increase. In the absence of a centralized sewerage system, you will have to build an individual system. At the same time, the main expense item is a high-quality septic tank, since the sanitary and epidemiological services extremely strictly control the condition of the drain pits in private houses.

First of all, you need to send a request to the local administration to find out how many kW is allocated for 1 section. Typically, a house with an area of ​​200-300 m2 requires 20-30 kW.

If the administration only promises to carry out the light, it is important to understand that the terms of the promises can be shifted. Whether you can supply electricity or wait is up to you. It is necessary to bypass the neighbors again and find out firsthand how things are with the supply of electricity.

Is there a convenient access to the site? What will it be like during off-season thaw and winter snowfalls? If you plan to build a house and other objects, are the existing access roads suitable for the passage of large-sized special equipment (concrete mixers, KamAZ trucks)?

Think about how you will get to the city. Even if you have a private car, make sure that you can reach important city sites from your home by public transport.

Check with local residents if it is convenient for them to get to socially significant points, if traffic jams are formed during rush hour.

One of the important questions when looking for a site is its area. Optimally, when there is 1 hundred square meters of land per 10 m2 of construction. For example, if you want to build a house with an area of ​​100 m2, then the area of ​​the allotment must be at least 10 acres.

Inside the site, a place is usually allocated for a house and an adjoining territory, a recreation area and a zone of outbuildings.

Pay attention to the view from the site... It is better to refuse to buy if there are industrial enterprises, landfills, large highways nearby. It is a good idea to ask the administration for a plan for the future development of the area you are interested in.

Visit your neighbors to find out more about the contingent of the street, village. Clarify important details: is it possible to connect the Internet, what suppliers they choose to solve various everyday issues, how true the promises are given by the administration. There is often a picture when local authorities promise to overhaul roads or open a kindergarten / shop nearby. A satisfied buyer makes a deal, but in fact the locals have been waiting for the promise to be realized for years.