Carpentry tools: basic types, tips for choosing

Owners of country houses and summer cottages should always have a good set of carpentry tools at hand, since they cannot do without it on the farm. Today the construction market is represented by a huge selection of tools, but you should not buy a useless and beautiful fake, but professional and high-quality devices. In addition, all carpentry sets should consist of the necessary minimum of accessories, thanks to which any work with wood will be quick and easy.

The carpenter's set is a complete set, which consists of a huge assortment of various tools designed for making solid crafts and high-quality wood processing. To properly organize the work of a carpentry workshop, you should not only purchase a minimum set of tools, but also have a well-equipped corner.

Many novice craftsmen often confuse carpentry tools with carpentry, locksmith and mechanical tools. But the main difference between such kits is that they are used for working with wooden blanks that have already passed preliminary sawing and sanding. Carpentry can be cut and sized for future details. They allow you to process the array to obtain the maximum surface quality. For novice carpenters and amateurs, experts recommend purchasing sets in suitcases, consisting of the most necessary accessories, while for experienced craftsmen, sets containing 50 or more accessories are suitable.

The carpentry tool, depending on its purpose, is divided into the following types: marking and measuring, sawing and percussion, drilling, chopping and additional or so-called auxiliary (clamps, hand press and screw clamps). It is worth noting that the clamping tool plays a huge role, since it provides the convenience of working with wood. The simplest household kits usually consist of devices for sawing, processing and fixing wooden blanks, they are manual. The professional one is considered universal, since it includes all the necessary devices, including electrical devices. Each type of instrument is characterized by its own purpose.

It is used to fix parts by applying impact force. The main representative of percussion instruments is the hammer, which has a flat striking side, and its opposite part is equipped with a nailer and bifurcated in the form of the letter "V".

A mallet is also used in the work, which looks like a hammer, but is made of wood. It provides a blow to the wood without possible damage. In addition, percussion tools also include a doboinik (designed for hammering nail heads), an ax (its butt acts as a striking part) and an adze (one of the varieties of an ax used for cutting boards).

In the work of a carpenter, an ax is also an important tool, which has several types. Axes are divided into classes depending on the angle of the axes on the handle. Their blade, as a rule, is sharpened on both sides, which makes the device multifunctional, it can be used for cutting and embossing. In the event that the ax in relation to the handle is placed at an angle of up to 90 degrees, then the ax is usually called an acute-angled one. They can perform primary processing of wood and remove knots or bark from the trunks.

This type is needed for cutting wood blanks to a certain size and for sawing out different shapes. These tools include a conventional saw, a bow saw (which cuts at an angle in both directions), a hacksaw and a jigsaw. Besides, often craftsmen also use a carpenter's knife, which is of several varieties: for cutting veneer and cutting grooves.

Such tools are used in the preparation of wooden surfaces for the main work. These include a sherhebel (performs cutting of large irregularities), a plane (used after cutting to level the surface) and a jointer (allows you to process and smooth large surfaces). Besides, in carpentry work, special planers are also needed: a zenzubel, a falzgebel, a grouser, a grinder, a staple and a zinubel. The list of tools designed for quilting can be supplemented with files. They differ in various shapes, grain sizes and are used for finishing wood.

The tool that resembles a plane - the tsinubel - also deserves special attention. Its main purpose is based on the alignment of the surface of wooden boards and boards, which must be carried out before gluing.

In addition, chisels are often used in carpentry work. This tool can handle things that are beyond the power of a saw or a plane. Basically, chisels are acquired to form rectangular depressions. In this case, the size of the holes is regulated by the width of the tool, which can be both large and small. The minimum width of the chisel is 3 mm, the maximum is 6 cm.

Semicircular fixtures are used if there is a need to make round indentations or holes, or for alignment. The main advantage of semicircular chisels is that they allow you to create smooth and even lines that are never obtained with straight chisels. This type of fixture is divided into several groups depending on the depth of wood processing, the radius of the circumference and the width of the panel.

Every carpenter, regardless of skill level, must have at least 2 semicircular chisels in a set of tools, no more than 12 cm wide. The ideal option would be to have both a round and a sloping chisel. To obtain more accurate geometric indentations of the tree, corner chisels are used. They differ in the angle between the chamfers and the size of the panel. A cranberry chisel, which looks like a curved panel, will not interfere with the set. It can be coal, straight and semicircular. Also, each model is characterized by its own bending amount, chamfering depth and radius.

Often, when making parts from wood, it becomes necessary to make grooves, notches and holes. For these purposes, craftsmen acquire not only an ordinary drill, but also a gimbal, a brace. In addition to the above devices, you should buy special sets of drills of various diameters. Chisels and chisels are also needed to gouge grooves and grooves.

Drills for working with wood are equipped with a special spike or have a screw thread in the center of the cutting edge, which greatly simplifies the drilling process and makes the protrusions along the edges of the edge smoother.

No carpentry work is complete without careful marking. Therefore, when completing a set of tools, you need to have a square (represented in the form of perpendicular bars, one of which has a ruler), a center finder (an isosceles triangle), a nonsense (will allow you to control the evenness of angles at 45 and 135 degrees), a bevel (looks like a bar fastened with a special hinge), level, solar meter, tape measure and plumb line.

The simplest measuring tool is considered to be a ruler.but, it can be made of plastic, wood or metal. There are 1 mm markings on it. With a ruler, you can measure short lengths (up to 30 cm). If you need to make markings on large long boards, then the craftsmen use a folding rule, the length of which is 100 cm. It is usually made of folding wood, plastic or metal sections and resembles a roulette mechanism in many ways.

In addition to the basic tools included in the carpentry kit, various home-made and standard devices are used for high-quality work. Most often these are clamps, sharpening wheels, clamps, presses, clamps and stops with pads. Thanks to them, it is easier to cut wood at different angles, as well as chips from long boards.

After a place for carpentry has been arranged, the master needs to worry about the availability of all the necessary tools for woodworking. Beginners in this business sometimes have a difficult time making a choice in favor of this or that device and they buy a lot of unnecessary tools, losing sight of the most important ones, without which it will be difficult to do the job well. To avoid such mistakes, experts recommend purchasing a special set in a suitcase... It consists of the most important gadgets and is conveniently stored without taking up a lot of space.

All of them differ in price and configuration, so it is important to pay attention to the fact that the set includes the following tools.

• Hacksaw. It is best to give preference to models with a wide and not too long canvas. As for the teeth, their optimal height is considered to be 5 cm. The shape of the teeth can be either in the form of an equilateral or an isosceles triangle.

• Plane. In the event that you plan to perform simple carpentry work, you can get by with one double plane.

• Chisels. This tool differs in the shape and width of the blade. Beginners in a set need to purchase one chisel up to 18 mm wide and one up to 7 mm with a straight type of blade. For professionals, a tool with a semicircular edge will be an excellent choice, which allows you to process parts in different directions.

• Layout tools. In the first stages, it is enough to have a thickness gauge, a ruler and a carpenter's square. When choosing them, you should pay attention to the build quality and processing of the working sides. In addition, the markings should be applied visibly and with durable paints, since during operation they will quickly be erased.

• Vise. This is one of the most important carpentry tools, without which it is impossible to cut long and small workpieces. At the same time, you cannot buy any yews, they must be just carpentry. Such models have a design consisting of two flat planks and bars.

• Clamps. They are designed to fix workpieces in one position and are often used when gluing individual parts of a part. Clamps are made of metal, wood and plastic, but the first option is considered more durable and reliable in operation.

• Files. It is advisable to buy them in a small set at once, since each type has its own application. So, for example, a triangular file is needed for drilling shallow grooves, a flat file is useful for working with a smooth surface, and an expander file for processing indirect parts and ends. Japanese files have proven themselves well in the market; they are characterized by high strength, convenient use, but are expensive.

• Drill or brace. If you need to get the job done quickly, it is best to buy a medium to small electric drill. As for the brace, you need to have an ordinary one on the farm (it weighs up to 400 g) and an "hour" one (it is used in careful and small work).

One of the main components of the carpentry set is the plane. His choice must be taken with great responsibility, paying attention to the following indicators.

• Appointment. Planers are available for shape cutting, finishing and general purpose.
• Blade quality. Serrated blades should leave neat grooves in the tree.
• Sole. You should choose a tool with a flat sole, without violating the geometry, it should also not have chips and damage.
• Lever. Her choice depends on personal preference and feelings while working with wood. The device should be easy to use and fit comfortably in the hand.

Today, among the common sets for carpenters that have received good reviews are such sets.

• Intertool. It consists of such tools: a convenient square, a measuring tape (100 cm), a knife, a marking pencil and a hand saw. Thanks to the hacksaw, you can cut bars, boards, pieces of wood and small logs. To make the cut correctly, markers are used in several colors, each of which is designed for a specific wood species, and a square with right angles. Thus, this set will allow the novice carpenter to carry out the simplest work.

• Premium. It is a professional set, since it includes all the necessary tools not only for cutting, but also for processing wooden surfaces. The main advantage of this kit is that it is located in a comfortable and spacious case. The set consists of chisels from the Narex company (their sizes are 6, 12, 16 and 26 mm), a double planer of the Pinie trade company (45 mm) and a Pinie falzgebel (27 mm). In addition, the set is supplemented with a hammer, 5 types of pliers, a 2-meter ruler, a mallet, a hacksaw and two files (one for finishing and the other for rough cleaning).

Before making a choice in favor of this or that tool, you should decide what kind of work they plan to perform. Novice craftsmen can get by with a minimal set, but for “experts” in joinery it is best to purchase professional sets, although they are more expensive.

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