Peach Kremlin

Peach Kremlin
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: I.N. Ryabov (Nikitsky Botanical Garden)
  • Appeared when crossing: Rochester x Elberta
  • Growth type: vigorous
  • Ripening period: mid-season
  • Self-fertility: self-fertile
  • Appointment: dining room
  • Yield: high
  • Early maturity: enters the fruitful period for 3-4 years
  • Growing regions: South of Ukraine, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Krasnodar Territory
  • Separability of the bone from the pulp: bad
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Peach has been actively cultivated in Crimea since the early 1900s. In 1923, an Experimental Station for Southern Fruit Crops was established on the territory of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. In the Soviet years and to this day, work is underway here to create highly adaptive peach varieties with resistance to negative temperatures, good yield and harmonious taste. One of the old, time-tested Crimean varieties is the Kremlin peach.

Breeding history

The Kremlin peach was bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (GNBS) by the famous Soviet pomologist, doctor of agricultural sciences Ivan Nikolayevich Ryabov in the 50s of the XX century. The cultivar is a cross between the well-known American varieties Rochester and Elberta.

Description of the variety

Kremlevsky is a mid-season, self-fertile, winter-hardy, high-yielding variety for table purposes. Forms a strong, tall tree with a rapidly growing wide branching crown of an inverse conical shape. Gives tasty, large, but irregular in size, rounded peaches with velvety yellow-orange skin and red blush on the sides.

The variety has average resistance to prolonged drought, good immunity to a number of fruit diseases. Frost resistance makes it possible to grow this peach not only in the Crimea, Krasnodar Territory, the North Caucasus and southern regions of Ukraine, but also in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, although mainly in a covering method. Kremlin does not show record winter hardiness, especially for growth and flower buds.

Fruit characteristics

Fruits are round in shape, may be slightly oval. The weight of peaches is usually above average, but with a wide range of indicators: it ranges from 100 to 200 g. The peel with a velvet nap has a bright yellow color with an orange undertone and gradually turns red, turning into a dark red blurred blush at the stage of ripeness.

The dark yellow flesh is firm, medium-dense, fibrous and quite juicy. The stone is medium in size and separates well in very ripe fruits.

The keeping quality and transportability of the variety are not too high; it is recommended to harvest the crop fully ripe, process it and use it in a short time. If transportation is required, then only unripe fruits are suitable for it.

Taste qualities

The variety is declared as a table variety, intended for fresh consumption. But if you wish, you can start harvesting the harvest: prepare compote, jam or jam. The taste of the Kremlin is dessert, rich, sugary with a pleasant sourness. Blossom-peach aroma is pronounced.

Ripening and fruiting

The Kremlin begins to bear fruit quite early, already in the third year of the tree's life. In the 4th year, you can collect a full-fledged bountiful harvest.

According to its characteristics, this variety belongs to the mid-season. Fruiting occurs in the first or second decade of August.

Yield

Correct pruning of growth shoots and favorable climatic conditions will ensure high yields of up to 40 kg of peaches per tree on average. The Kremlin can bring such a crop irregularly, its abundance depends on the weather conditions of a particular year and the region of cultivation.

Self-fertility and the need for pollinators

The flowers of this peach are of the highly decorative rosy type. The tree blooms in the middle of the summer season, this period lasts about a week, it can take up to 10-12 days. The variety is self-fertile and does not require replanting of pollinating neighbors.

Growing and care

In the southern regions, seedlings are planted in autumn (in September - early October), and in more northern regions - in the spring. When planting a tree, a number of requirements should be taken into account:

  • choose a flat place or a small hill on the site so that there is no close occurrence of groundwater;

  • the peach should receive a sufficient amount of light, not be in the shade of other trees and buildings;

  • the tree must be protected from wind and drafts, which are dangerous in winter;

  • the fast-growing and spreading crown of the Kremlin peach requires space - about 3 m to other trees;

  • the soil should have good aeration and a medium acidity level;

  • Negatively affecting the health of peaches is the proximity of nightshades (potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, peppers), as well as strawberries and melons.

For a tall variety Kremlevsky, competent sanitary and regulatory pruning is necessary. A large number of fruit buds are normalized. Long shoots are shortened for good yields. Each year, you need to prune the side branches into 2 buds, then leave the grown upper shoot as fruiting, and cut the lower branch of the growth short.

Otherwise, caring for this peach is not too difficult. As for watering, it should be regular, but moderate: waterlogging of the soil can cause fungal infections, and a long lack of water in a dry summer will affect the harvest.

The variety responds gratefully to feeding, especially in the first 2-3 years. When planting, organic matter and superphosphate are introduced; in the spring, nitrogen fertilizers are added for the growth of shoots. Intensive growth of fruits is stimulated by a potassium supplement, and in the fall the near-stem soil is dug up and fertilized with a phosphorus-potassium complex, green manure, and humus.

Planting a peach tree is a very important step that will lay the foundation for abundant fruit production in the future. At this stage, you should choose the right seedling, find the optimal place, decide on suitable neighbors of the culture and prepare a hole.
Peach grafting accelerates the fruiting period, increases the resistance of the crop in cold conditions, helps to rejuvenate the old plant, while maintaining all the varietal qualities of the grafted shoot. This agrotechnical technique allows you to grow peaches even in those regions where it was previously impossible due to unfavorable climatic and weather conditions.
Peaches are quite capricious trees, therefore, without proper care and timely pruning, they will give a weak harvest or wither away altogether. The formation of a tree, pruning of diseased and unnecessary branches are those important manipulations, thanks to which it will be possible not only to preserve the peach tree, but also to make it abundantly fruitful.

Frost resistance and the need for shelter

Kremlin shows good adaptability to growing in different climatic zones and temperature extremes, firmly tolerates return spring frosts down to minus 6-7 ° C. The variety is grown in private gardens in the middle zone of the Russian Federation, although its winter hardiness is not the highest: wood can withstand frosts down to -27 ° C and recover from them, but fruit buds can freeze out already at -13 ° C.

If the region is accustomed to severe winter frosts, then the tree is covered in autumn: the trunk circle is mulched, a frame made of slats is prepared around the trunk, the crown is bent down and tied, the entire structure is covered with burlap or agrofibre. In the case of the Kremlin, this process is complicated by the height of the tree (up to 4 m) and the spreading of the crown.

Disease and pest resistance

The variety resists disease quite well and is rarely affected by such a common ailment of stone fruits as leaf curl. It is also resistant to infection by the fungus clasterosporium. Powdery mildew infection is possible, and it requires quick and complete removal of affected branches and leaves.

The Kremlin can be exposed to pests, but with sanitary pruning, soil mulching and preventive spraying, this can be avoided or the damage caused by insects can be minimized.

Growing a peach on your site will require a lot of effort and attention. After all, this tree is very delicate and susceptible to many diseases and pests. In order to recognize the disease in time and take appropriate measures, it is worthwhile to understand well the symptoms of diseases and the peculiarities of the lesion of the peach.
In recent years, many gardeners have started to get involved in the cultivation of exotic trees on their plots. The breeding of the garden peach has also become popular. There are many ways to breed peach trees. Peach can be propagated by cuttings, air layers, you can grow a tree from a stone.
Main characteristics
Authors
I.N. Ryabov (Nikitsky Botanical Garden)
Appeared when crossing
Rochester x Elberta
Appointment
dining room
Yield
high
Average yield
about 40 kg per tree
Wood
Growth type
vigorous
Tree height, m
more than 5
Crown
broadly oval, slightly spreading
Fruit
Fruit size
above average
Fruit color
yellowish orange with a bright red blurred blush
Fruit shape
rounded
Fruit weight, g
100-200
Skin
dense
Pulp color
yellowish orange
Pulp (consistency)
fibrous, medium density and juiciness
Taste
sweet with subtle sourness
Scent
there is
Separability of the bone from the pulp
bad
Growing
Self-fertility
self-fertile
Winter hardiness
winter hardy
Drought tolerance
average
Moisture requirement
in the absence of rain, a serious pause in the delivery of water greatly affects the yield
Pruning
annual
Growing regions
south of Ukraine, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Krasnodar Territory
Disease and pest resistance
average
Resistant to curl
hardly suffers
Clasterosporium resistance
hardly suffers
Maturation
Early maturity
enters the fruitful period for 3-4 years
Ripening period
mid-season
Fruiting period
August 11-16
Frequency of fruiting
not regular
Reviews
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