Perforator cartridges: types, device and manufacture

Not a single event related to repair and construction work is complete without the use of a hammer drill. This multifunctional drilling tool will allow you to make a cavity or hole in the strongest form of material. It greatly simplifies and activates the work process.

In order for the process to be extremely productive, it is required to correctly choose a cartridge for a hammer drill for a drill or a drill, since the types of similar equipment are practiced fairly, and the difference among them is colossal.

A similar type of device, like an electric hammer drill, works by transforming electricity into mechanical energy. When the electric motor rotates, the torque is transformed into reciprocating actions. This is due to the presence of a gearbox, which, in addition to transforming the torque into reciprocating actions, is also capable of operating in a normal rotation mode, like an electric drill.

Due to the fact that the electric motor of the perforator has great power, and the reciprocating movements produce a considerable load on the axle, it is rational to use specialized cartridges to fix the working nozzles. These types of structures used on electric drills (collet chucks) will be ineffective. This is due to the fact that the nozzle will simply slip in the body of the retainer.

Actually, they will be discussed in the article.

The chuck as a drill fixture is recognized by the shank type of the equipment. Classic are 4- and 6-sided designs and also cylindrical types for clamping. But more than 10 years ago, the SDS liner line began to squeeze them out of the market.

Cartridges are divided into 2 basic types:

• key;
• quick-clamping.

If the chuck for the electric drill has a generally cylindrical shank configuration, then the hammer has a different look. In the tail section, there are 4 groove-shaped recesses, located at an equal distance from each other. Two recesses from the end have an open appearance, in other words, the recess extends along the entire length of the shank, and the other two are of a closed type. The open grooves serve as guide nozzles to be inserted into the chuck. Due to the closed grooves, the attachment is fixed. For this, special balls are taken into account in the structure of the product.

Structurally, a hammer drill cartridge consists of the following elements:

• a bushing with a splined connection is fitted on the shaft;
• a ring is put on the sleeve, against which the spring in the form of a cone abuts;
• there are stoppers (balls) between the rings and bushings;
• the top of the device is covered with a rubber casing.

Installation of the nozzle into the mechanism is carried out by means of the usual insertion of the tail end into the chuck. In the same time to fix the nozzle, you need to press on the casing with your hand, as a result of which the washers of the ball and the springs will be engaged and retracted to the side. In this case, the shank will "stand" in the required position, which can be recognized by a characteristic click.

The balls do not allow the nozzle to fall out of the stopper, and with the help of the guide splines, the transmission of torque from the perforator shaft will be ensured. As soon as the shank slots enter the splines, the cover can be released..

A similar product structure was developed by the German company Bosch. It is this structure that is considered extremely reliable when operating a powerful tool.

SDS (SDS) is an abbreviation of the initial letters of the expressions Steck, Dreh, Sitzt, meaning in translation from German, "insert", "turn", "fixed". Actually, the SDS cartridge, created by the designers of the Bosch company in the 80s of the XX century, functions according to such a simple, but at the same time phenomenal method.

SDS-chucks are often called quick-detachable, however, you do not need to associate them with products, fixation in which occurs by turning the couplings. Compared to traditional keyless chucks, the SDS lock does not need to be rotated in order to secure the tool: it only needs to be held by hand. Since the creation of this mechanism, several more modifications have been proposed, but only a couple of samples have been used.

• SDS-plus (SDS-plus)... The tail piece is for a hammer drill chuck designed for home use, in other words, a home tool. The diameter of the tail of the nozzle is 10 millimeters. The diameter of the working area for such shanks can vary from 4 to 32 millimeters.
• SDS-max (SDS-max)... Such mechanisms are used exclusively on specialized models of perforators. For such devices, nozzles with a shank of 18 mm in diameter and a size of the nozzle itself up to 60 mm are used. It is possible to use such cartridges for work with an ultimate impact force of up to 30 kJ.
• SDS-top and quick practiced extremely rarely. They have received little distribution, since only a few firms produce tools with such types of cartridges. It is extremely difficult to find attachments for installation in these types of hammer drill cartridges, therefore, when purchasing a tool, you need to pay attention to modifying the retainer.

High-quality shank fixation is a guarantee of efficient and high-quality work. How to dismantle and replace the cartridge.

To dismantle the cartridge, you do not need to have special skills and professional training. Not everyone knows how to change the cartridge, although this operation does not present any difficulties.

For this, such actions are performed.

• First, you need to remove the safety strip from the end of the retainer. There is a ring under it, which must be moved with a screwdriver.
• Then remove the washer behind the ring.
• Then remove the 2nd ring, picking it up with a screwdriver, and now you can remove the casing.
• We proceed to dismantle the product. To do this, move the washer down together with the spring. When the washer is displaced, remove the ball from the groove using a screwdriver. Further, you can gradually lower the washer with the spring, pulling out the cartridge.
• When it is required to rotate the stopper, it is necessary to disassemble the rest of the chuck with the sleeve. To do this, unscrew the screw holding the sleeve on the shaft. The bushing needs to be clamped in a vice, then roll it off the shaft thread.The assembly of the new mechanism is carried out in the opposite order.
• If you are only going to clean and grease the insides of the stopper, then the measures described in the previous paragraph are not required. After cleaning and lubrication work, the dismantled elements must be reassembled in the reverse order.

It is possible to use perforators both with drills and with all kinds of attachments, which are fixed to the unit by means of removable adapters and various adapters. However, if there is a technological backlash (in other words, the adapter is loose), the drilling precision will not be optimal.

A hammer drill is, first of all, a powerful device. However, it must be taken into account that there is a principle for the operation of such transition devices. They must be either identical in terms of withstand power, or lower. Otherwise, the equipment will become unusable..

For example, a drill for a powerful hammer drill, delivered to a light or medium power device, can lead to an early failure of this device, and only repairs will remain with your own hands or in a service center. But on the other hand, if you intend to purchase a cartridge for the Makita unit, then this element should not necessarily be specifically from this manufacturer. The main condition is that the characteristics are suitable for the instrument.

The Japanese company is one of the leaders in the sector of parts required for picking and spare parts for electric tools. In the family of the company, you can find basic modifications with a tail section from 1.5 to 13 millimeters. Of course, nowhere without innovative technical solutions for quick-clamping mechanisms, which are used both in the structure of light rock drills and for completing powerful heavy units.

By the way, the drill chuck for the Makita unit is produced according to multifunctional principles, which makes it possible to practice it both in the structure of branded equipment and for samples from other companies.

The company hopes to improve modern and especially popular chucks, including the SDS-plus quick-clamping devices. Moreover, the company definitely segments its equipment in a certain direction: for wood, concrete, stone and steel. Consequently, specialized alloys and standard sizes are used for each type of cartridge.

Moreover, Bosch drill chuck from 1.5mm to 13mm can support reverse rotation and impact loading... In other words, to a greater extent, Germanic parts are sharpened for drilling holes with a special tool.

For information on how to change the cartridge on the hammer drill, see the next video.