Description of scab and treatment of the disease

Quite often, gardeners and gardeners are faced with such a popular disease as scab. If preventive measures are taken in time, then the plants will be protected from this disease. In this article, we will look at a detailed description of scab and its treatment.

Initially, you need to familiarize yourself with the description of the scab. This is a specific disease of an infectious nature, the causative agent of which is bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes.... Usually, the disease affects the surface of tubers, shoots, leaves and fruits, as a result, the amount of yield is significantly reduced. Quite often, this disease is encountered in temperate climates.

Common scab affects both fruit trees and shrubs and garden crops. But each crop has its own pathogen, which means that potato scab cannot infect fruit trees, and vice versa. But the reasons for the appearance of this disease for all plants are the same, therefore, different cultures can get sick in the same garden at the same time. So, there are several reasons for the development of scab.

• Increased soil moisture. This reason quite often leads to the appearance of scab on the leaves of fruit trees. The level of soil moisture does not always depend on a person, since it is influenced not only by watering, but also by the presence of rains and melting snow.

• Crowded landing. This reason leads to a fairly rapid spread of the disease, transferring from one tree to neighboring ones. If trees are planted close to a small area, the soil becomes poor, as a result, the trees weaken, the disease develops.

• Monotonous landings. Since each plant species has its own type of pathogen, the disease progresses at different rates. In a mixed garden, scab is transferred slowly.

• Weak grade. Breeders are constantly creating new varieties that are characterized by increased resistance to this disease.

The scab reproduces actively in high humidity and warm conditions. The optimum temperature level is from +18 to +20 degrees. It should be noted that the spores of this disease can penetrate into young leaves. A leaf older than 25 days is already resistant to scab attacks. If spring is characterized by dry weather, the disease will spread rather slowly. Even a sick tree can please with a good harvest.

If there are moderate rains in the spring, then the first manifestations of the disease will be noticed after flowering. They appear as yellow-green spots on the leaves, although a gray coating is sometimes possible. Over time, the specks turn black, and then they move on to the fruits.

The foliage also suffers when the tree is sick. The leaves turn yellow rather quickly, and then fall off. In addition, they become carriers of the fungus, since the pathogen in them can overwinter. In spring, spores are actively spread by wind, water and birds, and trees and plants are re-infected. It is better to actively combat scab at the end of autumn, as well as preventive actions.

The most effective way to deal with scab is to use chemicals that are used to treat plants. Many gardeners prefer fungicides - "Fitosporin", "Skor", "Hom", Bordeaux liquid. To completely cure fruit trees, it is necessary to carry out treatment in several stages. It is very important to familiarize yourself with the timing of the spread of scab disputes. Let's take a closer look at how to treat various fruit trees.

Scab quite often affects apple trees. Initially, the leaves become infected, specks with a bloom of spores appear on them, and then the leaves fall off. Further, brown spots become noticeable on the fruits; over time, cork tissue forms under the bloom. Such spots gradually increase, and then cover the whole apple, the shape becomes ugly. Such fruits are rather poorly stored.

Quite often, scab is distributed in such varieties as Antonovka, Slavyanka, Papirovka, Moskovskaya Grushovka. Many varieties are characterized by relative resistance to this disease, for example, "Juno", "Chinese Anise", "Lyubava", "Fairy", "Orpheus".

Chemical treatment and agrotechnical measures ensure reliable scab control. It is recommended to cut off all shoots, remove fruits and leaves, remove weeds, keep trunks clean.

For the prevention of scab on the wound, it is recommended to treat the tree with a solution of the "Nitrafen" emulsion before the start of sap flow. In the green cone phase, Bordeaux liquid (1%) is the best remedy for treatment. A drug "Speed" used for processing during the rosebud phase. Further processing can be done every 2-3 weeks, while using alternately drugs "Captan" or "Tsineb", colloidal sulfur and "Hom"... Any kind of processing should be discontinued one month before harvest. If the scab does not recede, it will be necessary to carry out one more treatment after picking the apples - a preparation will be required "Tsineb" or solution bordeaux liquid.

The scab on the pear has much in common with the disease of the apple tree, but only spots appear on the underside of the leaves, in addition, young shoots are also affected. The causative agent of the disease can overwinter both on fallen leaves and on tree branches. Usually, the first manifestations of the disease are visible a few weeks after bud break. Usually, early infestation results in large spots on fruits and leaves.

If the scab has struck young shoots, then small bubbles appear on them, then the surface peels off. This disease often affects such varieties as "Winter Bere Ligel", "Forest Beauty", "Sapezhanka". The varieties "Vrodlyva", "Etude", "Bere Bosch" and others have excellent resistance to scab.

To combat scab, you should first use folk methods. Initially, it is recommended to get rid of fallen leaves and fruits. Then they dig up the soil around the tree and treat it with a 3% solution of "Nitrafen" or a 1% solution of the drug DNOC. And in the spring it is necessary to cut the crown, remove all dry and damaged branches.

Spring processing of pears is very similar to processing of apple trees.... A solution of 3% Bordeaux liquid is used for spraying in the green cone phase. Skor is ideal for use during the rosebud phase. When the trees have faded, the "Fast" treatment must be repeated. Usually, two weeks later, for processing pears, drugs such as "Kaptan", "Hom", "Skor" are used.

Stone fruit trees are less susceptible to scab infections, but the disease can also reduce their yield.... Usually, the likelihood of developing the disease increases with moderate air temperatures and high humidity. If the temperature exceeds +30 degrees, then the disease slows down significantly in development.

If spots of a green-brown hue with an indistinct outline appear on a peach or apricot, these are the first signs of scab development. Without treatment, the spots will grow in size and become olive or black with a velvety touch. Further, the spots form a single crust, as a result, the fruits stop growing, various ulcers form on them, and then fruit rot develops. Affected fruits usually fall off.

Scab can infect shoots and leaves, on which pale green or brown spots with blurred outlines are usually formed on the underside. Such varieties as "Shalakh", "Red-cheeked" usually suffer from scab.

Bordeaux liquid or a preparation containing copper is ideal for the prevention of disease. Already at the beginning of summer, it is advisable to treat peaches and apricots with the preparation "Captan", "Skor" or "Horus". After two weeks, the treatment must be repeated. If the disease continues, then you will have to wait for the end of autumn, since all the actions performed earlier will not bring results.

Plum suffers from scab as well as stone fruit trees.... They usually produce the same treatment option that is used for apricots and peaches. Initially, it is recommended to use Bordeaux liquid, and at the beginning of June - the preparation "Horus" or "Skor". After half a month, it is recommended to do the treatment again. And already at the end of the leaf fall, a one percent solution of Bordeaux liquid will allow you to disinfect the tree.

On cherries or cherries, signs of scab are quite rare, but these trees also need protection from this disease. Usually, this disease does not harm the tree itself, but it leads to cracks, through which rot pathogens penetrate.

Scab is often found on shrubs. This disease on gooseberries is usually called powdery mildew, but these diseases are different, so before choosing a treatment, you should make sure that the shrub suffers from scab. It acts as an excellent prevention treatment of dormant buds in early spring with a urea solution (7%). And already at the end of autumn, you need to collect all the fallen leaves, dig up the soil under the bush and once again thoroughly treat it with a urea solution. If preventive measures have not been successful, Bordeaux liquid (2-3%) or a combination of "Horus" with "Aktara" is used for treatment. After a month, the gooseberry treatment must be repeated.

Scab can also be found on currants. Of course, it usually affects it slightly and quite rarely, but it is recommended to take preventive measures every spring. Gooseberries and currants are related crops, therefore, all of the above biological products are used to destroy the scab.

Scab often affects garden crops, therefore it is necessary to carefully inspect the plants. Scab can infect potatoes, while the tubers suffer, as a result, taste and seed quality deteriorate, as well as the appearance deteriorates. Severe damage makes the potatoes unsuitable for consumption.

If the potatoes are infected with scab, then it is forbidden to plant potatoes in this area for 5 years. The peculiarity of the potato is that it can suffer from various types of scab: black, lumpy, powdery, ordinary or silvery. Spots appear on the potatoes, and a spider web is also formed.

To prevent the formation of scab, it is necessary to use only high-quality and proven planting material. It is recommended to treat it with special preparations such as "Rovral", "Fito Plus" or "Aquaflo". Copper, manganese and boron should be added to the soil to reduce the chances of infection. As a preventive measure, you can alternate planting potatoes with legumes.

If the soil is alkaline, you can increase the acidity with ammonium sulfate: 10 liters of water will require about 2 tablespoons. Such a solution is used for watering potatoes during flowering, and this will require 1 liter per bush. Before harvesting potatoes, in about half a month, you need to cut off the tops, as a result, the skin of the tubers will become stronger. To slow down the development of scab, it is advisable to process potatoes solution of "Zircon" during budding. In addition, a solution from one "Fito Plus" sachet per 3 liters of water will reduce the level of contamination of potatoes.

Sugar beet scab is caused by actinomycete fungi. First, they affect root crops, and then brown spots with a rough crust are formed on the fruits. Then cracks appear, through which other microorganisms penetrate, as a result, it seems that the fruit is eaten from the inside. Usually the fungus develops on heavy soil, in addition, pathogens can winter in the soil, so it is imperative to disinfect the soil. Alkaline chernozems must be watered with a solution of phosphoric or sulfuric acid. Abiga-Peak is used quite often.

Scab on cabbage is not common.... But if the disease progresses, then the plants begin to die. Initially, the leaves begin to dry out, then brown cracks form, and the root system is weakened, so the cabbage can be easily pulled out of the soil. It is better to take preventive measures, as it will be more difficult to treat plants. If we consider traditional methods, it is recommended to use decoctions of horsetail, marigold and hot pepper. Among the chemicals, it is better to give preference to drugs such as "Kartotsid" or "Fitosporin".

The scab can also infect grapes. He loses not only decorativeness, but also the quality deteriorates: the shape is lost, the fruits become small, the berries are tasteless and unhealthy. To deal with grape scab, you should use colloidal sulfur, as well as the preparations Fundazol, Tridex, Kuproksat and Skor.

Scab is found on tomatoes and cucumbers, strawberries and peppers. In addition, it can develop both in open areas and in greenhouses. Black scab is a widespread disease of onions, so you need to adhere to preventive recommendations from specialists... If the disease has spread to tomatoes, then the affected bushes must be removed immediately to prevent the spread of the disease.

All gardeners are advised to familiarize themselves with preventive measures for scab on plants to prevent the onset and spread of this disease. You need to pay attention to the following tips from professionals:

• it is necessary to clear the area under the trees in time, removing fallen leaves and digging up the soil;

• heavily contaminated fruits can be washed, but it is better to remove them from the tree;

• often and regularly, plant inspections should be carried out in order to notice the first manifestations of the disease;

• trees and shrubs need annual pruning, as thickening contributes to the appearance of scab;

• it is worth carrying out top dressing in the summer, which should include potassium and silicon carbonate, phosphorus;

• in autumn, the soil under the plants should be sprayed with ammonium nitrate, urea or nitroammophos, but the air temperature should not be lower than +4 degrees.

Scab is a rather dangerous disease that spreads very quickly, which harms trees, shrubs and other plants. If you provide timely care and take preventive measures, you can maintain health and harvest.