What is the Dagestan stone and where is it used?

Dagestan stone is a building material of natural origin that has become famous far beyond the borders of Russia. For several centuries, it has been mined in the mountainous regions of the Caucasus; the material has its own unique characteristics. The "wild" breed is distinguished by its strength and resistance to the most severe natural and climatic conditions.

Dagestan stone is a slab of natural material. Exceptional technical and operational characteristics, as well as decorative appearance made it possible to widely use this building material for finishing facades, fences, building utility blocks, garages, stairs and fireplaces. The concept of "Dagestan stone" combines several different types of material.

• Limestone... This is one of the most common varieties of Dagestan tiles. The material is formed as a result of mechanical processing of various organic residues.
• Shell rock... Lime rock formed from whole or crushed shells of ancient aquatic animals, shells of various shapes and sizes are clearly distinguishable in the structure of the material. Differs in heat resistance, therefore it is widely demanded when facing fireplaces.
• Dolomite... Rock with increased resistance to burnout and temperature. It is used for decoration of facades, cladding of basements and retaining walls of buildings.
• Sandstone... This material is the result of pressing and cementing conventional sand. The fence stone is suitable for making fences, used for decorating gazebos and fireplaces.

Other advantages of the Dagestan stone include:

• resistance to temperature fluctuations;
• long operational life;
• high noise insulation;
• good vapor permeability;
• increased parameters of thermal resistance;
• ease of installation;
• ease of care;
• variety of tint palette, shapes and textures.

The following popular varieties of the Dagestan stone are known.

• Akushinsky... This material is mined in a quarry near the village of Akusha. The stone is used for finishing facades, as well as performing other finishing works. Has a variety of shades from white to dark sand. It is characterized by resistance to high and low temperatures, as well as temperature extremes. The stone is easily processed with standard tools; it does not crumble when sawn. Akushinsky stone is used as a decorative material for interior decoration of cottages, office and administrative buildings.

• Gelinbatansky... This stone is highly regarded by professional builders and finishers. It is distinguished by a reddish tint, due to which the cladding acquires an unusual and very aesthetic appearance. It is a practical, completely natural and inexpensive stone. It is characterized by resistance to natural and climatic features, does not react in contact with other building components.The material is widely in demand for the design of facades, it is also used in landscape design.

• Derbent... Shell rock of the highest quality, in terms of its decorative and operational characteristics, has no analogues in the world. It is distinguished by resistance to frost, increased strength and low thermal conductivity - this provides effective thermal protection and a long operating period. It is no coincidence that the fortress walls, built of Derbent stone many centuries ago, stand to this day. The stone has a yellowish color and a porous structure. It is used for various types of facing works.

• Kayakent... This Dagestan shell rock has multi-colored specks, the shades of which vary from pink to yellow and golden. Each batch of stone is unique, the combination of patterns in them is never duplicated. The material is in demand when decorating facades and basements. It is used to decorate farm buildings in summer cottages and household plots. The stone is environmentally friendly, and the presence of iodine salts in its composition causes a pronounced healing effect. Mold and mildew do not appear on the surface of this shell rock.

• Mekegin... Natural stone of light gray color, less often you can find combinations of sand, white-pink, as well as grayish-greenish colors. The natural material is based on dolomite, this mineral determines the resistance of facades to temperature fluctuations and stable resistance to high humidity, as well as to the adverse effects of atmospheric precipitation.

• Rukelsky... This stone is often called gold and is used in the construction of gazebos and creative stone fences. The material is in demand when facing the facades of cottages and mansions. The stone is not afraid of frosts and sudden temperature fluctuations. It is appreciated by builders for its resistance to moisture and zero background radiation.

• Frigsky... In Russia, this material has become one of the most widespread. It is in demand when facing facades and plinths. The stone is presented in light and dark sand tones, the tiles are advantageously combined with other varieties of Dagestan tiles. The advantages of the material include ease of processing, resistance to prolonged mechanical stress and adverse weather factors.

• Chirinsky... Such a stone has an unusual texture, presented in a wide shade palette from milky white to pale pink. It is widely used for the design of house building in the classical style, it looks harmoniously in the exteriors of modern and Empire style. It is considered one of the most refined and noble, this ensures its demand and consistently high demand in the market of facing materials of natural origin.

Dagestan stone can be easily processed with any hand and mechanical tools, most often it is cut, and polishing and polishing are used to improve its appearance. Polishing is one of the most demanded techniques for surface treatment of natural stone. Most often, it is performed in the factory by a conveyor method. At the first stage, the rock is polished by the action of a hard abrasive tool, after which it is polished with a soft felt.

Glazing allows you to make the surface smoother and smoother, without bringing it to a mirror-like state. It is carried out using soft cloth wheels, impregnated with a special grinding powder. As a result of processing, the surface is matte, with minor scratches. Such slabs are widely in demand when decorating rear walls.

With the help of Dagestan tiles, you can create spectacular facades that will invariably be distinguished by style and originality. Due to the wide range of natural stone, it is possible to clad both the entire facade of the building as a whole, and to decorate its individual details.

• Balusters... These architectural forms are used to decorate balconies, terraces, porches and steps. They look beautiful and at the same time play the role of supporting structures, visually resemble small columns. To create balusters, panels are used from an especially durable Dagestan stone that is resistant to static loads.

• Columns... This element of the exterior became widespread in the era of ancient civilizations. It symbolizes luxury and grandeur. Columns made of this material can be an adornment of any building, in addition, they will ensure the strength and reliability of the entire structure.

• Eaves... All kinds of decorative forms are used to decorate buildings. Cornices made of blocks of Dagestan stone are not afraid of snow and rain, they are not afraid of temperature fluctuations. For the manufacture of cornices, dolomite, limestone, and shell rock are used.

After facing the facade of the building with Dagestan stone of any type it is imperative to carry out the procedure for its hydrophobization. It involves impregnation with a special waterproof compound that penetrates 8-10 cm deep into the slab. This allows you to create an effective barrier to moisture from the external environment. Such measures greatly increase the durability of the cladding, since excess moisture is the only factor that can have an adverse effect on untreated natural material.

Important: for facade decoration, only a solution with an increased degree of protection is used. The composition is applied using sprays and rollers with the obligatory observance of all instructions and recommendations of the manufacturer. It is advisable to apply the impregnation in two layers with an interval of 10-15 minutes. High-quality formulations retain high protective characteristics for 6 years, after which the treatment must be repeated.

In order for the Dagestan tile to please for a long time with its aesthetic appearance, it must be washed from time to time to remove dirt. To do this, once every few years they are poured with cold water from a hose under pressure, and after final drying they are treated with a primer or any water repellent, for example, GoodMaster, Caparo or Disboxan 450. Important: Do not clean limestone with acid-based products.

Stone products that decorate the interior of the house require a little different care. Usually wax-based formulations are used, they protect the surface from scratches and dirt, return the aesthetic appearance and glossy shine to old, worn out coatings.

In the next video, you can take a look at the samples and processing of the Dagestan stone.