Motoblocks "Oka": characteristics of models and device diagram

A walk-behind tractor is a device that has entered the daily life of Russian farmers and gardeners since the 1980s. Taking into account the peculiarities of the domestic climate and soils, it is appropriate, first of all, to choose domestic equipment. In this regard, it will be useful to get acquainted with the motorized blocks of the "Oka" type.

You can use the Oka walk-behind tractor for a variety of needs. The company that manufactures these products has been operating since 1966. The accumulated experience has made it possible to create an apparatus capable of:

• plow the land;
• transport soil and household, construction waste;
• move fertilizers, pesticides;
• to clear the area from snow, various dirt;
• harvest root crops.

Motoblocks "Oka", produced and sold now, for the most part belong to the glorious family "MB-1", well-proven. As with other devices of this kind, it is recommended to change the oil after the first 5 hours of use. Then the intervals increase to 25-30 hours. It is allowed to use mineral oil for carburetor automobile engines. The latest version, which appeared in 2010, introduced cable control, providing an instant emergency stop of the motor.

Almost all manufactured models belong to the branch "MB-1D"... A striking example is the model "MB-1D2M16"... This walk-behind tractor is equipped with a Chinese-made Lifan 177F engine with a total capacity of 9.0 liters. with. The unit is designed for 2 forward and 2 reverse speeds. The plowing zone can vary from 72 to 113 cm. If you make several passes, it is possible to reach a depth of 30 cm. To transfer the force generated by the motor to the working parts, a V-belt scheme was chosen. The chain reducer can operate at two speeds. To fill the gearbox, use from 1.5 to 2 liters of gear oils.

The delivery set includes:

• pneumatic wheels;
• 4 loosening cutters;
• opener.

The engine, which drives the walk-behind tractor itself and auxiliary tools, runs on motor gasoline, has a four-stroke cycle of action. With a cylinder volume of 270 cm3, the gasoline tank capacity is 6 liters. Forward and backward transport speeds are 9 km / h, the minimum is 3.6 km / h. The wheel scheme of the walk-behind tractor is 2x2. Thanks to a ground clearance of 14 cm, he confidently drives on any minimally well-groomed suburban area. A radius of at least 33 cm is required for the unit to be able to turn at the command of the rod rudder. The track size is adjusted in steps. Due to extensions, it can be increased from 31 to 59 cm. The standard number of cutters is 4; if this is not enough, you can add 2 more.

By design, the device is classified as a milling-type motor cultivator with a power take-off pulley. Thanks to the variety of compatible equipment, it is possible to carry out many works on the site all year round, and not only of an agricultural nature. The engine supplied from China is optionally equipped with an electric starter. Reducing gears are added to the kit at the request of the consumer.

To equip the MB-1D2M13 model, the designers chose the Japanese Subaru EX17 engine, designed for 6 liters. with. The parameters of the track, the width of the plowed strip and the depth of plowing are the same as for the model 16. There are also no differences in the organization of the clutch and gearbox in the basic configuration. The gasoline tank has a capacity of 3.6 liters. To refuel the engine, another 0.8 liters of engine oil is consumed. 4 or 6 cutters can do 40 to 100 rpm. The total weight of the device does not exceed 90 kg. The walk-behind tractor is guaranteed for 24 months. The manufacturer promises that long-term work can be carried out on medium-sized land. Important: the engine may change in some versions, therefore it is recommended to carefully check its modification in the technical passport.

EX Premium standard motors are classified as professional power units with significant performance, designed for long service life. Despite their increased power, they are relatively small. Japanese developers are actively using the latest technological advances to dramatically improve their product. High motor characteristics are achieved:

• using cast iron sleeves obtained by precision casting;
• installation of a long-running fan;
• optimization of the overhead valve drive, resulting in a low noise level;
• improving the geometry of the combustion chamber and increasing the reel of the starter (all this makes it easier to start even in severe frost).

Important: although the motor is not made in Japan, as in the previous case, but in Russia, it has been selected very carefully. On a walk-behind tractor, you can even plow heavy virgin lands. Thanks to a well-thought-out belt clutch and a chain reducer, it is possible to provide 2 forward and 2 reverse speeds, with the width of the cultivated strip from 57 to 72 cm. "MB-1D1M1" is able to plow the ground to a depth of 30 cm. If a cart is attached to it, the travel speed reaches 10 km / h. The fuel tank has a capacity of 3.6 liters.

Also noteworthy is the MB-1D1M19 model. For its configuration, an advanced Lifan engine is used, giving out 7 liters. with.

The default shipment includes:

• wheel axle extensions;
• pneumatic wheels for these axles;
• cutters for cultivating the land;
• auxiliary wings;
• plow submerged (opener).

Of course, the manufacturer has the right to change the configuration as necessary without notifying consumers. Another thing is more important - the walk-behind tractor of this model is quite multifunctional, it copes well with both virgin soil and previously cultivated land. It can be successfully used on plots up to 20 acres inclusive. The manufacturer claims that contactless electronic ignition will allow you to start the walk-behind tractor without any problems in any season. A proven decompressor is used to optimize the manual start.

The special design of the muffler makes the motor less noisy than other domestic models. The tiller is designed for a pair of front and a pair of rear speeds.The handlebars are adjusted to the exact height and build of the operator. The grip of pneumatic tires is enhanced by a high tread. The walk-behind tractor can be used as a drive for a water pump.

The "Oka" motor-block of the "MB-1D1M10" model is distinguished by its simplicity, but at the same time it is equipped with a power take-off shaft. This shaft can be used to attach accessories of the same brand. The MB-1D2M16 model is designed to work in large areas, in vegetable gardens up to 50 acres. Regardless of the specific version, the motoblocks of the Kaluga plant can be considered a good choice for cultivating the land on a personal subsidiary farm.

The advantages of the devices are:

• minimum noise level;
• reliability of motors;
• rational choice of speed modes for specific modifications;
• relatively small size and weight;
• minimum turning radius;
• small requirements for care and maintenance.

Problems can be associated with the low wear resistance of the drive belts. However, the basic package always includes additional sets of them, so troubleshooting is quite possible. Moreover, the design is very simple, and repair does not even require contacting service organizations. And the lightness and compactness of motoblocks simplify their movement and storage. In sum, the positive qualities far outweigh their negative side.

Now it will be useful to see how it all works. One of the most popular modifications of Oka walk-behind tractors comes with a Lifan engine. It is distinguished by its economy and at the same time high functionality. To transfer force and reduce engine speed, an MB-1 reducer is installed. This device can operate effectively for over 3500 hours. Early versions of the walk-behind tractor were equipped with gearboxes with needle bearings. Newer gearboxes are of the ball type. Changing from one type of gearbox to another is easier and safer than trying to replace the bearings themselves. Only fill the gear units with the oil prescribed by the manufacturer. But it is no less important to which attachment the force will be transmitted through the gearbox.

The basic delivery set usually includes a milling cutter, but its role is limited to preliminary processing of the land, preparing the site for planting various plants. At the Kadvi plant, they prefer the crow's feet cutters, which can grind even a strong soil layer to a state of fine dust. There are 3 sharp steel blades for each of the 3 sections of the soil cultivator. The plow is also suitable for plowing the land, but not for preparation, but for the very planting of plants. To connect plows to walk-behind tractors, towing devices are used. They are either included in the package or purchased additionally.

With the help of the so-called hiller (or otherwise a plower), you can:

• huddle already developed plants;
• cut furrows for planting them;
• improve aeration of the earth.

Since milling and plowing even "light" soil requires considerable effort, it is recommended to use weights. They are specially designed to complement the wheels. Most often those models have to be heavier, the weight of which does not exceed 120 kg.

To perform other functions, the following are used:

• harrows;
• lugs;
• potato planters;
• tuber diggers;
• freight carts (trailers);
• adapters;
• mowers.

To ensure that all auxiliary equipment can work normally, drive belts are used - 1 each for forward and reverse. They interact with the corresponding pulleys. From the spare parts included in the belt drive, a clutch is formed. Working together with the gearbox, it acts as a transmission. Belts and other components are designed so that the walk-behind tractor remains stable when the speed changes, and so that the power changes smoothly.

Of decisive importance when choosing a walk-behind tractor, as always, is its power. The fact is that it depends on her whether the apparatus will be able to plow the virgin soil, or whether it is only able to work on the already ennobled land. Of course, the structure of the soil also plays a role. To solve a wide range of tasks, experts recommend models with power take-off shafts. Important: if the main job is milling the ground, you need to choose a lighter machine.

For light and medium motoblocks, chain reducers are recommended. Worm gear options are used much less often, and only on the lightest machines. As for motors, one of the best products is from Lifan. These are first-class products that are much more perfect than Russian products, and are no worse adapted to local conditions. Japanese engines are of the highest quality, but they are the most expensive.

Before starting any field work, the motor should be run in. They do this for at least 30 hours, but only under a limited load.

Before and after starting daily work:

• check the oil and fuel level;
• assess the quality of connections and couplings;
• measure the pressure in the wheels.

When work is temporarily suspended:

• the walk-behind tractor is cleaned and washed;
• dry it in the shade;
• lubricate all major components;
• put the device into storage.

Experts recommend, of course, to use only officially supplied original spare parts. To improve the operation of the device, the speed change roller can be modified. More precisely, a handle is attached to it, which makes it more convenient to work. The special bolt is then inserted into the steering gear. Most often they try to modernize the hub assembly by making differential hubs (so-called unblockers). They can be made from the front hubs of Zhiguli or Moskvich cars. Be sure to cut off and sharpen the "ears". If the bolts are very rusty, they are cut off with a grinder. But we must remember that the attachment of all elements to the axis should be as tight as possible.

Consumers rate the "Oka" walk-behind tractors undoubtedly well. The "middle" class of devices from this brand is especially popular. Importantly, the latest versions are significantly improved over earlier versions. But crow's feet cutters require an additional retractable section. Improving the design or optimizing for your needs is possible without any problems.

See below for details.