The nuances of planting carrots before winter

Like the vast majority of vegetable crops, it is customary to plant carrots in the spring, so that the harvest can be harvested in the fall. However, for a long time and quite successfully, farmers have been practicing a completely different way of growing this popular vegetable. We are talking about planting carrots before winter, which has certain nuances, as well as its obvious advantages and some disadvantages. The most important thing in this case is the possibility of obtaining the first and fully ripe root crops much earlier than collecting even the earliest and earliest varieties.

First of all, it is necessary to analyze and objectively assess the key advantages of the described approach to crop cultivation. Podzimny sowing of a vegetable has the following indisputable advantages.

• An opportunity to free up such a scarce spring time.
• Getting an early harvest. Correctly sown carrots in autumn reach their full maturity by the middle of the first summer month. By the way, this is 2-3 weeks earlier than the harvests of the earliest spring varieties.
• Getting large and juicy fruits of the correct shape. When planting carrots before winter, thawed waters constantly provide the necessary soil moisture.
• Minimizing the risks of causing significant damage by pests that do not yet have enough time to activate in early spring. And we are talking mainly about such a potentially dangerous parasite as the carrot fly.
• Possibility of rational use of sites. In the beds, which are vacated already at the beginning of summer, other crops can be planted.

Against the background of the listed advantages of the considered method, attention should be paid to two disadvantages.

• With early planting, you can face a temporary thaw that can lead to premature germination of carrots, which are most likely to be destroyed by the very first frosts.
• Early summer crops are generally not designed for long-term storage.

Some gardeners believe that it is better to take early-maturing varieties for winter sowing. However, in practice, they are completely unsuitable for growing vegetables in this way. The fact is that such carrots emerge very early, so the shoots are guaranteed to die in the cold. Experienced gardeners try to focus on species that are not characterized by an increased tendency to flowering.

As practice shows, it is good to sow the following varieties before winter:

• Moscow Winter (A-515);
• Shantane Royal;
• "Pretty girl";
• Nandrin and Nectar (F1);
• Losinoostrovskaya-13;
• "Incomparable";
• "Children's sweet";
• "Improved Nantes".

When choosing and purchasing seed material, it is highly recommended to pay attention to studying the instructions. It is important to clearly know when the carrots will have to sprout, and whether they are generally suitable for planting before winter. Experts advise to give preference to pre-processed granular seeds. It is worth considering that such material will be much easier to sow.

Naturally, it is impossible to predict in advance the exact time frame for sowing. This is due to the fact that the autumn weather is extremely changeable. That is why experienced gardeners are guided by the specific weather conditions in the region.At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the temperature is considered favorable if it is stable in the range from 0 to -2 degrees, and the probability of heat return is minimal. A thaw can provoke seed germination and death of seedlings due to frost.

It is recommended, if possible, to sow carrots about 7-10 days before a significant cooling. It is important that the soil has had time to cool well by this time, but not freeze. By the way, in some cases, planting is carried out even under the snow, having previously made furrows in the area allocated for carrots. Many modern farmers, when choosing the time for sowing, prefer to be guided by the lunar calendar.

The algorithm itself for growing carrots before winter is standard, but it is worth taking into account the following features of the timing of sowing by region:

• Moscow region and the Middle strip - starting from the third week of October;
• Ural - the second decade of September or early November;
• Siberia - from late September to early October.

If a thaw is predicted, then it is better to postpone the planned work on planting carrots.

Initially, it is important to note that carrots are cold-hardy vegetable crops. The seed is able to lie quietly for several months in frozen soil, without losing its properties. Given these features, many gardeners prefer planting carrots before winter. However, this process has a number of important features and requires appropriate training.

It is this component of the preparatory stage that it is strongly recommended to pay special attention to. The bed should be located on the most level place, which at the same time will be protected from the wind and well warmed up by the sun. It is highly undesirable to sow carrots on slopes, since in such cases the seeds themselves can be corny washed away with water.

If it turned out to choose a site that fully meets all the listed requirements, then at the next stage it will be necessary to determine what crops were grown on it earlier. And we are talking about a 3-year time frame. Taking into account the rules of crop rotation, which are of particular importance, the optimal precursors of vitamin root crops will be:

• tomatoes and cucumbers;
• zucchini and squash;
• melons, watermelons and pumpkins;
• potato;
• cabbage;
• onion.

As proven by many years of practice, the beds on which the listed plants had previously grown, and into which compost, as well as humus, were introduced, give a high-quality and rich harvest of carrots. Naturally, it is important to list the most undesirable predecessors of the described culture, which include:

• beans;
• celery;
• parsley, dill and fennel;
• the carrot itself.

If the indicated crops were grown on the site, then the root crop in question is allowed to be sown on it no earlier than after 3 years. This will minimize the risk of common diseases and pest attacks. After the introduction of fresh humus or manure into the soil, planting is allowed after a 2-year break.

Prepare the soil in advance, until it begins to freeze. 1-1.5 months before sowing, you will need to perform the following steps.

1. Thorough cleaning of the site, implying the removal of weeds and all plant residues from previous crops.
2. Deep digging for the entire length of the bayonet, which is from 30 to 40 cm.
3. Fertilizing the soil, carried out in parallel with digging. It is important to abandon organic matter such as manure. The best option would be to add to each square of the garden a mixture of humus (2-4 kg), superphosphate (20-25 g) and potassium salt (10-15 g). By the way, experienced gardeners often use ash instead of mineral dressings.It contains all the necessary elements, and its consumption is 1 glass per square meter.
4. Deep loosening of the soil and the creation of grooves 5 cm deep with an interval of 15-20 cm.By the time of sowing, these grooves, as a rule, are compacted and become no deeper than 2-3 cm.
5. Covering the treated area with a film or other material that can effectively protect the garden from moisture. This will protect the site from erosion during precipitation and the spread of soil by the wind. A similar shelter on the sides of the site can be pressed down with bricks, stones, boards and other heavy objects that are at hand.

In addition to all of the above, it will be useful to sow any available green manure, which, when growing up to 15-20 cm, is embedded in the ground. It is important to remember that the described root crops love an increased concentration of humus.

It is worth separately focusing on the use of fertilizers. They are selected taking into account the type of soil as follows.

• Acidic soil. To neutralize the acidic environment per 1 square meter, take a glass of wood ash or 150 g of dolomite flour. Alternatively, 300 to 400 g of regular chalk are added.
• Clayy, heavy soil. Thinning with sand or partially rotted sawdust will help here. This allows you to make the soil looser and more airy. It is important to remember that fresh sawdust and other non-degradable natural materials are likely to attract dangerous pests such as carrot flies.
• Poor soil. An additional application of fertilizing containing nitrogen will be required, at the rate of 1 tablespoon per square meter of the garden. It is important not to exceed the specified rate, since oversaturation will not provide an increase in yield, but it will cause cracking of the soil and deformation of the fruit.

In parallel, a mixture of peat, compost and humus is prepared at the rate of 4-5 buckets for each square of the plot for sowing carrots. It is recommended to touch it with your hands, getting rid of lumps, and dry in the sun. All such blanks are scattered into boxes or bags, after which they are placed in a warm and always dry place. The listed operations are necessary to ensure comfortable conditions and the formation of soil that will not crack and create obstacles for the germination of carrots.

Regardless of the peculiarities of sowing, when growing vitamin root crops, it is strongly recommended to take care of the stock of the described mixture. Often, carrots are planted when the soil is already cold enough and freezes into lumps. It will not be possible to cover the seeds with such soil. And it is much more profitable to prepare a mixture of earth on your own than to purchase a ready-made one.

As already noted, not all varieties of the crop in question are suitable for planting before winter. That is why, when buying seeds, it is important to pay attention to the packaging, where the relevant information should be placed. It is recommended to purchase seed in specialized stores. It should always be remembered that the future harvest of root crops directly depends on its quality.

Another key point is that there is no need to treat seeds with growth stimulants before sowing. It is worth considering here that the autumn planting does not provide for quick shoots. In this case, on the contrary, premature germination should not be allowed in order to avoid the death of seedlings in the frost.

In order to disinfect and protect against diseases, seeds can be treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After that, they will need to be completely dried. It is important when sowing to increase the material consumption by about 25 percent.

As soon as stable cold weather comes and the thermometer does not rise above +5 degrees, and the soil begins to freeze at least 5-8 cm, they begin to sow. In this case, the algorithm of actions will look as follows.

1. If there is snow, gently clean the bed with a broom or soft brush.
2. Spread the seeds into the pre-formed grooves at intervals of about 3-4 cm. In some situations, the material is simply scattered on the surface of the bed. Many experienced gardeners use special seeders to adjust the required seed pitch. Their optimal consumption for planting before winter is from 0.8 to 1 kg per square meter. It is worth noting that in situations with spring planting of crops, this figure is less by 0.2 kg.
3. If you wish, you can plant a radish or salad in parallel, which in the spring will mark the rows of carrots, which will facilitate the weeding and loosening procedure.
4. Seeds are covered with previously prepared dry and sifted soil and mulch the bed, compacting the top layer.
5. When the first winter precipitation appears, snow is shoveled onto the beds and the crops are covered with spruce branches to reliably preserve the mulch.

One of the key points of the described method of growing root crops is that crops should not be disturbed until the spring thaw. Until then, the carrot seeds will simply "sleep" in the ground.

In this case, we are talking about the following important events, the timeliness of which directly depends on the quality and volume of the harvest of carrots planted in autumn.

• With the onset of warming, spruce branches are removed from the site and part of the snow cover is raked in order to accelerate its melting.
• Once the snow has completely melted, remove all branches and grass.
• Small arcuate supports are placed around the perimeter of the sown area and the film is pulled on them. This effectively protects carrots from possible short-term frosts.
• When the first shoots appear, the covering material is removed. It is important that stable heat is established, and the average daily temperature is fixed at around +15 degrees.
• In the presence of dense seedlings, it will be necessary to thin out the beds so that there are approximately 2 cm gaps between young plants. Excess growth is removed after about 2-3 weeks with an increase in intervals to 4-6 cm. Otherwise, the roots will be small. By the way, often when using special seeders at the stage of sowing, the need for such manipulations disappears.
• The appearance of the first shoots is a signal to start weeding the area. In this case, the weeds will need to be removed exclusively by hand. The use of any herbicides at this stage is highly undesirable.
• Treatment for parasites is carried out approximately 15 days after the appearance of the first greenery in the beds.
• At the stage of active growth and during the formation of the first 3-4 full-fledged leaves, it is required to feed young plants.

In addition to all of the above, if a drying crust is found on the ground, it is necessary to water and evenly moisten the problem areas. But here it is important to remember that even a slight excess of moisture can lead to decay. After watering, it is strongly recommended to loosen the row spacings.