How to grow onions from sets?

Onions as a vegetable crop appeared on our tables in the 12th century. Its popularity is due to its taste, nutritional and medicinal properties. Such a popular vegetable contains a huge amount of minerals and vitamins. Of course, onions are sold on store shelves all year round. But a good crop of crops can be obtained at home.

When planting sevok in the garden, you should pay attention to the temperature and climatic conditions. The optimal time for planting is the period when the ground warms up to a temperature of + 12 ° C. It is at this time that the chance of recurrent frosts becomes minimal, there is still moisture in the ground, and the onion will not go into the arrow. And also it is worth monitoring the weather conditions of a particular region. For example, you can plant a crop in the spring in the Moscow region, in the Leningrad region and in the middle lane - in mid-May. Until the middle of the month, there are still risks of a return of cold weather and frost.

In the southern regions, such as Krasnodar Territory, North Caucasus, Kuban, it is better to plant in late March - early April. Sowing of onions in Siberia, in the Urals is carried out in late May - early June. Often all the planting work of summer residents is carried out according to the lunar calendar. Onion seeds - not an exception.

As for the popular varieties, we will list just a few.

• "Centurion" is an early maturing variety. The bulb is elongated with an average weight of 100 grams.
• "Stuttgarten Riesen" has a pungent taste, the average weight is 150 grams. It is well stored, the variety is not very susceptible to diseases.
• Red Baron is purple in color. Basically, it is purchased for winter plantings, they are harvested in June.
• Sturon is a medium-ripening variety. Has good keeping quality, suitable for all types of processing, storage.
• Shetana is a variety bred in the Czech Republic. It has excellent performance and growth rates, as well as a long shelf life.

For the northern regions, such varieties as "Rostov local", "Azelros", "Lisbon white", "Alice" are suitable. For planting in the southern regions it is better to use the varieties "Kasatik", "Kaba", "Solnechny", "Dnestrovsky".

The first criterion for yield is always the choice of quality material. We suggest using some tips for choosing a planting product:

• do not use seedlings for planting with traces of damage, rot, mold, with a discolored;
• oatmeal should have a dense consistency, uniform color;
• dry or completely dried material is not suitable for planting;
• it is better to purchase onions for planting in specialized retail outlets - there it is stored correctly, without negative temperatures, fluctuations in humidity.

Agronomists and breeders are ready to offer culture lovers a huge number of varieties, we have already mentioned the most popular ones above. But all the seed is divided into two huge groups.

• Varieties of seed material of the northern direction. A good harvest is obtained provided that the daylight hours lasts at least 16 hours. If there is not enough lighting, then only green feathers are formed, and there can be no talk of a turnip.
• Southern varieties perfectly form a turnip with a light day of less than 12 hours.

If the sun shines more than 12 hours a day, then the turnip does not mature and store well. But experts are ready to offer varieties that grow to the desired size without taking into account the duration of daylight hours.

Sevok grows unevenly, so the planting material always has different sizes. An onion from 8 to 14 mm is small, it is suitable for winter planting. The shooter will not give material that ranges from 15 to 21 mm. The turnip is the earliest to ripen in size from 16 to 22 mm - a good feather is obtained from it.

Warming up the oatmeal will serve as a prophylaxis for shooting: it is necessary to hold the onion at a temperature of plus 40 degrees for 10 hours. Basically, summer residents heat onions on a radiator.

Onions are a heat-loving plant. Therefore, the high yield of the crop will be on the sunny side of the site. The place is chosen open, it is necessary to plant it where there is no shade from shrubs and trees. The vegetable will thrive in sand and clay-rich soil with a pH of 6.4 to 6.6. Cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers are considered good predecessors.

Summer residents who have been practicing planting for a long time have developed their own technology. Here are their little secrets.

• It is most convenient to break the beds in the direction from north to south. This method will increase the yield, the soil will warm up faster.
• Onions will sprout faster if planted on a small hill. In the lowlands, dampness remains longer, it is more difficult for a vegetable to grow.
• You cannot plant an onion in the same place for two years in a row.
• Greens, carrots, zucchini will be good neighbors.

One of the most overlooked conditions for a good harvest is choosing a good location for planting. It is best to prepare the beds for the onion in September-October, but if it is not possible, then the soil is prepared 1-1.5 months before planting. If the garden bed is prepared in the autumn, then it is better to cover it with spunbond for the winter. The scheme of work is as follows. At the first stage, it is necessary to clear the sown area from debris, weeds, stones. After that, the soil must be fertilized with humus or compost at the rate of 5 kilograms per square meter. Mix the fertilizer with the ground by digging it onto the bayonet of a shovel.

Experts recommend dusting on top with ash in proportions of 1 glass per square meter. So the ash will deacidify the soil. Sometimes dolomite flour is used in the same proportions. It does not hurt to apply complex fertilizer to nitroammofosk, because onions love well-fertilized soil. You can use double superphosphate (25 grams per square meter), ammonium nitrate (20 grams per square meter), potassium sulfate (30 grams per square meter). We level everything with a rake.

Even if the seeds look credible, prevention never hurts. A weak solution of potassium permanganate will save from fungal diseases (for 10 liters of water, 30 grams of potassium permanganate). If soaked in "Fitosporin", then the proportion is as follows: for 10 liters of water 30 grams of the substance with soaking for 2 hours. Some people soak the material overnight in a solution of Zircon or Epina-Extra. They are considered growth promoters.

Such processing solves several problems at once:

• stimulates seedlings, further growth;
• disinfects seeds, promotes a good harvest;
• increases resistance to weather conditions.

Well, in this case, a saline solution, per liter of water, two tablespoons of salt. The vegetable culture is soaked in solution for a couple of hours before planting in the ground. This is a kind of protection against nematodes, ticks, thrips. If you use fungicides, then it is necessary to consider the timing of ripening and consumption. Onion fly can be a problem.But, in order not to use "chemistry" in the garden, you can use the biological method of scaring away. It is recommended to plant carrots next to the onion. These cultures will benefit each other.

Often onions are affected by fungal diseases. They love the onion and all sorts of pests. But above all, all onion ailments are associated with improper agricultural technology. It is necessary to frequently inspect vegetable beds for discoloration, wilting of feathers, curling of leaves. If the slightest suspicion arises, it is necessary to use bioinsecticides or biofungicides according to the instructions. They are harmless to the human body and animals. It is better not to use "chemistry", because the period of ripening of the vegetable is rather short, and greens are also used for food.

Spring planting technology is as follows. The bed must be leveled with a rake, small furrows must be dug to a depth of 15 centimeters. Pour the grooves with water, dust with a mixture of ash and sand. Now you can plant the treated onion sets in open ground. It is recommended to plant sevok on the garden bed quite deeply, sprinkling it with a little earth. This can be done both with your hands and with a manual seeder. With the help of a simple unit, it is possible to correctly, quickly cope with landings. Depending on the variety and size, the onions are planted at a distance of 5 to 10 centimeters.

Some vegetable growers plant onions with a snake in their garden. The vegetable culture is buried in the furrows, leaning tightly against each other. After the shoots appear, some of the onions are pulled out on the greens, and the rest grow on the turnip. The seeding rate per hectare is different. It all depends on the size of the head and its use in the future. On average, a turnip takes from 400 grams to 2 kilograms per hectare. The planting scheme in autumn and spring is practically the same.

To increase the yield of a vegetable per head, it is recommended to use the Chinese method. In this case, it is also necessary to make small grooves, but plant not in them, but in the formed ridges. At the same time, the turnip grows large, it is slightly flattened in shape. The ridges are warmed up faster and more by the sun, so the crop is not in danger of infection with rot.

If you plan to plant a set on greens, then it is better to choose a large onion, ranging in size from 16 to 22 mm. It is recommended to cut off the top of the head: this way the culture will quickly give the first greens, and subsequently the feather will be strong, the total mass will be thick.

With the combined method, the vegetable is planted as on greens, without observing the distance between the onions. Seedlings will be dense. But as you grow, experienced gardeners are advised to thin out the turnip through one.

Onion sets are perfect for growing in greenhouse conditions. There are several advantages of such planting: minimal amount of weeds, protection from bad weather, high yield. Moreover, it can be planted both in spring and in autumn: after all, it is not afraid of frost. But mostly vegetable crops are planted in the greenhouse from October to April. If you sow onions on greens in winter, then you need to equip a heated greenhouse. It is better to choose varieties with a short growing season. These include "Danilovsky 301", "Karatalsky", "Strigunovsky local" or "Bessonovsky local".

When planting on a feather, it is necessary to cut off the top of a large set, soak it in warm water overnight. Up to 3 kilograms of onions are planted per 0.25 m2. The plantings are powdered with ash, and the temperature in the greenhouse is kept up to +20 degrees. If you plant seed for the winter, then experts recommend still covering the beds. For these purposes, humus and manure are well suited.The optimal cover layer is 3.5 to 5 centimeters. With the onset of spring, the mulch is removed. There is another way to insulate the beds - the creation of a film frame. As a rule, with the onset of cold weather, thick greens appear.

The yield also depends on which predecessors grew in the garden. Good ones are siderates, tomatoes, bell peppers, potatoes, legumes, pumpkin seeds. And also radish, turnip, radish grow under good protection of onions. Strawberries and onions planted in adjacent beds enrich each other with nutrients. It is only necessary to control watering, because onions do not like moisture.

Experienced gardeners advise not to cultivate a crop after cucumbers, garlic, carrots, and other types of onions. Beets, lettuce, and parsley are considered a neutral crop. It is also not recommended to plant cabbage next to an onion crop. She loves space. Growing to incredible sizes, cabbage is able to create shade with its leaves. In addition, it is a moisture-loving plant that harms onions.

There are no difficulties in the cultivation of bulbous beds. Three ingredients will help you harvest a healthy and rich harvest: watering, loosening, good lighting. Agricultural practices also include weeding regularly. Let's consider the agrotechnical plan in more detail. Within a week after the end of planting, the beds must be watered every other day. In the next month and a half, watering is recommended to be reduced to once a week. Additional moisture will be needed during dry summers.

Each time after watering, a few hours later, the soil is loosened with a garden tool, and excess grass is removed. As the heads grow, it is necessary to remove the soil from the vegetable. This is necessary for a deeper penetration of sunlight, the early ripening of the root crop. We advise you to stop wetting the soil a couple of weeks before harvesting. It is during this period that the heads dry out, become overgrown with scales.

20 days after sowing, seedlings can be fed for the first time. Organic fertilizer will work well during this period. You can take chicken droppings in proportions 1:15 or rotted mullein 1:10. Organic consumption per square meter is up to 15 liters. After another 2-3 weeks, we begin to feed with ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfide in powder. Pour 15 grams of the substance per square meter of crops before moistening. Subsequently, fertilization can be applied as needed. For example, pale feathers need nitrogen, greens with a grayish bloom lack potassium, and phosphorus is required if the greens of the turnip are prematurely wilted.

For the prevention of various diseases, such as peronosporosis, rust, black mold, onion mosaic, it is recommended to treat feathers with this solution: 5 liters of water, half a teaspoon of copper sulfate and half a tablespoon of laundry soap. Processing is carried out 2 times a month. The turnip will be ready at the end of July - the tenth of August. You should not delay harvesting root crops: moisture in the soil from dew, frequent rains will negatively affect storage. The bulbs are harvested, dried indoors, and peeled from the tops. Store in containers in a dry place.

Each professional and specialist has their own secrets for growing a good turnip. Here is some of them.

• Sowing is best planned in accordance with the phases of the lunar calendar. The best time for this is the waning moon.
• Avoid crusting on the bed surface.
• It is better to remove weeds prematurely, otherwise they will slow down the growth of the root crop, and when weeding, the weed will break out along with the onions.
• The turnip needs to be bare by a third, then it will be large.
• If you plan to cultivate large areas of onion sets, it is recommended to use a planting device such as a hand-held household seeder.

After the end of the sowing work, the vegetable crop emerges after 9 days. But what if the coveted greens never appeared? There are many reasons for the non-germination of the root crop. Let's consider the most popular ones.

• The landing dates were violated. If you plant early in the cold ground, then the greens may not break through at all. If feathers appear, then in the future the vegetable will be subject to shooting.
• Improper watering. This is the most common mistake all newbies make. Too frequent or heavy watering in cool summers will result in poor germination or crop rot.
• Dense soil will not allow shy greenery to rise.
• Soil acidity also plays a role. If it is above 6.6 or below 6.4, then the planting will be frail. It is recommended to sprinkle the beds with ash.
• The death of beds or poor seedlings are due to a lack of nitrogen in the soil. But it is better to apply fertilizers according to the instructions. They are often the cause of fungal diseases.
• Poor germination can be caused by various diseases of the seed. This is why it is so important to process the sevok before planting.