- Year of approval: 1950
- Ripening terms: mid-season
- Bulb weight, g: 78-155
- The form: flat and round-flat
- Dry scales: dark red with a purple tint and purple
- Coloring juicy scales: light lilac and light purple
- Taste: semi-sharp, closer to sweet
- Number of arrows : 2-3
- Height of arrows: 130-145 cm
- Appointment: salad, for fresh consumption, for canning
Along with the classic onion varieties, many vegetable growers and farmers grow red onion varieties that are easy to care for, adapt quickly and give good yields. A striking representative of this category is the mid-season onion Danilovsky 301, bred more than half a century ago.
Breeding history
Onion Danilovsky 301 is a vegetable crop with a long history, which was created by a group of breeders of the Federal Research Center of Vegetable Growing in 1947. The parent form of this variety is Danilovsky onion. 3 years later (in 1950), this species was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. The onion has been adapted for cultivation in three regions - North-West, Central and Volgo-Vyatka. The vegetable is cultivated mainly in open ground. In recent years, the geography of the growth of culture has significantly expanded to the Urals, the territory of Siberia and the Far East. In addition, the variety has gained popularity among vegetable growers and farmers in the Baltics, Moldova and Ukraine.
Description of the variety
Danilovsky 301 is a compact plant with a semi-spreading rosette. Onion feathers are characterized by a uniform rich green color, light waxy bloom and medium thickening. During the growing season, 2-3 arrows 130-140 cm high are formed.The plant feathers grow up to 35-45 cm in height.
Characteristics of the appearance of plants and bulbs
Onions are characterized by an attractive appearance, ripening even and neat. The variety belongs to large-fruited varieties. The average weight of the bulbs is 78-155 grams. The shape of the vegetable is flat or round-flat. The surface of the root crop is smooth and glossy, consisting of tight-fitting dry scales of a dark red color with a purple tint. The onion pulp is pale lilac, light purple or lilac in color. The density of root crops is high. In structure, the onion is medium-sized, consisting of 2-3 onions.
The dug vegetables are quite transportable, and can also be stored for some time without losing their taste and marketability. For storage, a breathable container is required, as well as the correct temperature regime + 1 ... 4 degrees. Experienced vegetable growers will be able to extend the keeping quality of vegetables up to 7-8 months, but in most cases the harvest is stored for 2-3 months.
Purpose and taste
Danilovsky 301 is famous for its excellent taste. Lilac flesh has a fleshy, dense, juicy, slightly crunchy texture. The vegetable has a balanced taste - semi-sharp, with noticeable sweetish notes. The bulbs have no stinginess. Onion pulp contains an increased amount of vitamins of group B, PP, C, micro / macroelements (magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iodine), amino acids and fatty acids.
Dug up onions have a wide range of uses in cooking - the vegetable is eaten fresh, added to vegetable salads, in cold and hot dishes, pickled, used in canning, and the variety is ideal for barbecue.
Maturation
This onion species belongs to the mid-season category. From the moment of emergence of seedlings until the complete ripening of the bulbs in the garden, it takes 90-100 days.It takes 76-115 days to grow a set. You can start digging onions from mid-August. Usually, yellowed and bent to the ground feathers speak about the full maturity of vegetables on the ridge.
Yield
The productivity of this variety is average. If you follow the rules of agricultural technology, then from 1 m2 you can collect up to 2.3-2.5 kg of juicy specimens. On an industrial scale (when planting seedlings), an average of 123-333 centners can be grown per hectare. The maximum yield was recorded at 7-7.6 kg / m2
Planting dates with seeds, seedlings and seedlings
Planting dates depend on the characteristics of the climate of the growing region. Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out in March, and the transplant of mature bushes to the garden ridge is performed from the end of April to mid-May. The optimal temperature regime for transplanting is + 7 ... 10 degrees. Planting onion sets, as a rule, is carried out closer to mid-May.
Growing and care
The vegetable is cultivated mainly by seedlings or seedlings. Before sowing, the seeds are carefully sorted, disinfected and treated with a growth stimulant. In the prepared substrate, sowing is carried out to a depth of 1.5-2 cm. To accelerate the germination and development of plants, it is recommended to ensure the greenhouse effect using film or glass, as well as the correct temperature regime. A transplant to a permanent place of growth is carried out after 2 months.
Onion sets are planted in May. Previously, the bulbs are sorted out, examined for defects and foreign odors, and heat treatment is carried out for 5-7 hours at a temperature of +45 degrees. For planting, a special scheme is used - 7 / 10x15 cm.
The agricultural technology of a vegetable consists of standard measures: watering every 10 days at the root (the first month is watered a little more often), fertilizing three times per season (mineral and organic fertilizing), weeding row spacings and loosening the soil after each watering, prevention of diseases and insect infestations.
In addition, it is recommended to carry out light mulching using straw, hay or sawdust, which inhibits the growth of weeds. Watering should be completely stopped 3 weeks before harvesting, which will enable the specimens to gain weight, and also increase keeping quality. The culture reacts quite well to phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Since the onion is an unpretentious and cold-resistant plant, it can be planted both in spring and autumn. It is necessary to properly prepare the planting material, competently prepare the garden bed and determine the timing of planting.
Soil requirements
The variety has no special requirements for the structure and quality of the soil. The soil should be fertile, loose, light, with good air permeability. In addition, the soil should not be acidic and waterlogged. Nutritious loams or sandy loams with a good drainage system are considered optimal for Danilovsky 301 onions.
The bow is not as unpretentious as it seems. For good growth, you need fertile soil, quality care and nutritious fertilizers. Without top dressing, the bulbs will grow small, and the greens will not be lush. At different stages, it should be fed with different substances. The vegetable needs organic and mineral feeding. A good result for fertilizing onions is the use of folk remedies.
Required climatic conditions
The variety is stress-resistant - the vegetable crop easily tolerates prolonged heat, sudden temperature changes, and light shade. For growing onions, it is recommended to select a peeled, leveled and sunny area, where it is warm, light, and there is protection from drafts.Landing in low areas where there is excessive dampness is not recommended.
Disease and pest resistance
Onion immunity is average, so you should not forget about prevention and compliance with agrotechnical recommendations, because it is a violation of care that can provoke a number of fungal diseases. Often, the culture suffers from downy mildew and rot, which will help to get rid of fungicide treatments.
Among the insects attacking onion plantings, the onion fly is the most dangerous. Insecticides are effective in pest control. If onions are grown for greens, then the use of chemicals is prohibited. In this case, it is recommended to use infusion of tobacco dust, decoctions of potato or tomato tops, solutions of laundry soap, edible salt.
Despite the fact that the onion is a very useful plant, capable of repelling and killing many microbes and bacteria, it itself is often damaged and suffers from various misfortunes. Diseases and pests of onions can significantly reduce the yield. It is necessary to correctly determine the presence of this or that disease and take appropriate measures in time.