Diluents: types and their features

Many of us do not know the difference between the concepts of a solvent and a thinner, however, these are different formulations with certain properties and characteristics. Therefore, it is important to know the differences between these substances, the existing types of diluents and the peculiarities of their use with different coloring compositions.

Thinner - a liquid with a special composition, intended for mixing with paints of various types. Depending on the components, the solution is marked with a number. Sometimes formulations are used to clean the palette or wash brushes from paint particles.

The price of such products is low, which played an important role in the distribution of this product. There are many types of thinners that are used when working with paints and varnishes. Each component in the composition has a specific effect.

To talk about the properties of a special composition, it is important to outline the main differences between a thinner and a solvent.

Solvents are used to remove paint from surfaces or leather and to thin it. If the drying time is shortened, the coating will lose its properties.

You cannot do without a tool when working with too thick paints and the creation of special creative techniques. It is a must-have tool for professional decorators and painters. To achieve the desired effect, you need to choose the right solution, taking into account the composition of the paint and the individual characteristics of the thinner.

The main sphere of use of the material is paints for decorative design (painting of textile materials, porcelain, artistic paints). When working, craftsmen must strictly observe certain requirements so that the result comes out spectacular, stylish, attractive and retains its beauty for a long time. Otherwise, the colors will quickly begin to lose their brightness and saturation.

Water-based paints that are used in the construction industry can be thinned with plain clean water, but if you are working with artistic compositions, you must use a thinner. It is much safer to work with it than with water, since it is difficult to overdo it with the dosage of the composition. Water will reduce the brightness of the color, which should not be allowed when creating an artistic composition.

This group includes the following compositions:

• acrylic paints;

• tempera;

• gouache;

• acrylic.

The most widespread is the latter option. The paint boasts ease of use, strength and color saturation. It can be used with other water-based colorants.

Experts identify several types of thinners that are recommended for use when working with acrylic paints.

• Glossy mortar Is the most popular type of thinner.This material is used to improve the special properties of the paint. The composition is practically odorless. Outwardly, it is a translucent liquid that consists of an acrylic dispersion.

• Fabric composition. A special solution is used to dilute the paint used for painting textile fabrics. Its components are selected in such a way as not to damage the delicate material and at the same time preserve the properties of the dye composition.

• Thinner paste Is a special thick composition. It is necessary to reduce material consumption. This type of thinner can be used together with gouache and tempera paint. Moreover, the paste makes the layer denser and stronger and improves its other positive characteristics. The thinner is used as a backing to create a custom palette.

Varnishes are also thinned before application. To work with polyurethane or alkyd-oil varnish, a special compound called White Spirit is used. The product is sold ready-made in specialized retail outlets.

The classic white spirit thinner is also used for thinning oil-based dyes, as well as acrylic and alkyd paints. This product is obtained through oil refining.

Oil paints are a special segment of the medium for coloring compositions. Diluents for these formulations play an important role in painting and artistic creation. Compared to gouache or watercolors, oils cannot be mixed with water. Several special formulations have been developed specifically for working with oil products. Each species has specific properties and functions.

Given their rich variety, you need to know how to make the right choice.

To do this, you should understand the range.

• Plain vegetable oil. This method was used in ancient times. From this method of diluting the paint, they got their name, which has been entrenched for centuries. For dilution, oils of such plants are used: flax seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, sunflowers, poppy seeds. Today, oil can be replaced with professional products.

• Artistic varnish. A substance consisting of a solvent or resin is used to dilute paints. It makes the structure denser, which creates a special effect when painting. After complete drying, the material holds much stronger than when diluted with oil. Adding varnish as a thinner makes the color of the paint brighter, filling it with shine and shine.

• Double. This type of diluent is called "twin" due to its composition of two components. The product is marked with the number "2" on the label. To obtain the product, mix oil and artistic varnish in the appropriate proportions: 2-3 parts of oil and 1 part of varnish.

• Tee - this is the same diluent "twin", only with the addition of one more component. All three components are mixed in equal proportions. The result is a standard solution ideal for artistic use. Products are identified by the term “tee” or the corresponding number. The solution is often used to dilute metallics.

• Composition No. 4. Thinner number 4 is also called Pinene. This compound can be used to dilute substances such as alkyd paints, varnishes, oil paints and penta oil paints. The products are distinguished by excellent dissolving power, as well as a minimum evaporation rate. The diluent contains the product of rectification of gum turpentine.

A clean thinner is recommended if you plan to create an artistic composition or paint a painting as soon as possible. This composition dries faster, accelerating the hardening process of the coloring composition. A thin layer is enough for a couple of hours to dry completely.

Double and tee thinners are the most versatile. Experienced craftsmen make such solutions on their own, knowing the composition and proportions. You can also change the composition slightly to achieve the desired effect. The optimal drying time for the paint is about 2-4 days.

When choosing a clean thinner for oil paint, purchase an odorless solution. The cost of such products is higher, but working with them is much more pleasant and convenient.

Among the huge variety, the following thinners are especially popular.

• Trademark Vika offers a quality thinner for metallic paints. It is an acrylic lacquer with a high percentage of solids. It is recommended for use on two-layer coatings. This agent is effective for painting in a short time. The composition has a high degree of transparency. Due to UV absorbers, the material is not afraid of the negative effects of ultraviolet rays.
• Firm Sikkens (Netherlands) offers customers a huge selection of thinners for paints. Professionals have appreciated the fast thinners - Fast, and the PLUS Reducer Fast has become widespread. You will also find medium and slow thinners on sale. Varnishes from the above brand are also very popular.

Customers can choose between domestic products. At the time of purchase, be sure to read the composition of the material. Buy only high-quality and certified products that meet international standards.

If this is your first time using a thinner, try diluting a small amount of paint with it and using it on the surface. Evaluate the changes during work and after complete drying. Add thinner gently and gradually.

Watch a video on the topic.