Features of the Art Nouveau style

Modern in translation from English means "modern". And although this particular term is best known as defining an amazingly beautiful style, in different countries it is called in its own way: in France Art Nouveau ("new art"), in Germany - Jugendstil, in Italy - Liberty. Modernism emerged in the 19th century as a counterweight to classicism, it is close to free art.

Modern is an artistic style of the 19th century, it refers to arts and crafts, architecture and interior design. It should not be confused with modernism, the content of which is much more voluminous.

Modernism absorbed the avant-garde and abstract trends, it filled them not only with the furnishings of apartments and the architecture of buildings, but also painting, literature, theater and other types of art. To understand the distinctive and special essence of modernity, you need to turn to its origins, learn the history, understand the features that are characteristic only of it.

By the end of the 19th century, technical progress in European countries was gaining momentum, changing everything around itself - economic, political outlook, attitudes towards art, architecture, design. Strict classicism with ideal straight lines and shapes, with impeccable symmetry has long been fed up, I wanted to live in a new way in the new world.

At the same time, in different countries - Germany, England, France - the mixing of existing styles began, but it was not immediately possible to mold a new and powerful direction out of them. It took some time for the "modern" style to become distinct and recognizable, although elements of various trends of the 19th century are captured in it to this day.

It is surprising that the new style was not immediately perceived by contemporaries, many had a hard time parting with the usual aristocratic classicism and at first considered Art Nouveau bad taste. But by the end of the 19th century, Art Nouveau en masse entered architecture and interior design. True, it did not last long; in the twenties of the last century, interest in it sharply cooled, the reason for this was sad political and social events.

The First World War brought ruin and poverty to most of Europeans who could not afford the unusual custom-made Art Nouveau furniture. And the resurgent industry preferred to produce standard products for which there was a demand. Complex and delightful modernity has returned to the interiors and architecture of buildings these days, but the designers of the XXI century already understand the "modern" style in their own way. And this is logical, because it would be strange today to consider the situation of the 19th century "modern".

Modernity has managed to find its distinctive "face" from the burning mixture of many currents, which is easy to recognize by certain signs.

• The style is characterized by smooth, flowing, flowing lines, soft rounded shapes, which are opposed to straight, clear contours and calculating perspectives of the classical direction.
• There is a lot of wood and everything natural in the decoration and furnishings of the interiors; the latest artificial materials are not acceptable for it.
• Art Nouveau borrows ornaments, lines and shapes from nature, in them you can find bizarre curls of plants, flowing lines of sea waves, flowers, butterflies, dragonflies. But at the same time, moderation is observed, oversaturation with details is not allowed in all manifestations of design.
• The style can be recognized by the love of stained glass. They are used to decorate doors, windows, lamps, using both expensive variations of author's works and simple imitation. Natural motives and abstract patterns are invariably chosen for the theme.
• Large panoramic or arched windows rush to the ceiling. When creating a clean style, even window frames do not have clear corners; they are characterized by rounded lines and haphazard divisions of vents.
• Arched doors also contain abstract flexible lines, between which frosted glass or stained glass fragments are inserted.
• Spacious wide staircases are equipped with graceful wrought iron railings, all with the same refined natural ornamentation.

Modern architecture is spectacular and unusual. From the time of its inception and general recognition, it did not last long, only 15-20 years, but managed to leave us the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the merchant Eliseev's shop in Moscow, the house of the Singer company in St. Petersburg and many other amazing buildings.

In architecture, the Art Nouveau style did not retain its worldwide popularity, as happened with art deco, but from time to time the masters return to this topic and create extraordinary spectacular buildings, such as the "Dancing House" in Prague, a museum in Manchester (Great Britain), the Porta Fira hotel in Barcelona.

Late Art Nouveau is far from the architectural masterpieces of the 19th century; today it is interpreted quite broadly. Contemporary country cottage designs incorporate traditional styles with some Art Nouveau characteristics. The peculiarities of the style have also changed, now it is more constructive, pragmatic, rational. Recognizable decorative details began to play an increasingly lesser role. Modernity of our time is becoming multifaceted, certain varieties are seen in it - neo-romanticism, functionalism, constructivism.

Today, developers often use the late Art Nouveau for the construction of country cottages. At the request of the customer, bends, soft rounded shapes can prevail in the building, or there can be clear edges, but with a chaotic scatter of residential blocks connected into a single building. We propose to consider the project of a modern two-story private house in the Art Nouveau style.

• Large building with a total area of ​​653.3 sq. m. Two full floors are complemented by an attic and a basement space.
• On the ground floor there is a kitchen next to the dining room in the bay window extension, there is also a living room, an office, a bathroom and a large hall.
• On the second floor there are three bedrooms, each of which has its own dressing room and plumbing room. A playroom is located near the children's bedroom, in the bay window.

In the construction of buildings in the late Art Nouveau style, frame and typesetting material from laminated veneer lumber, all kinds of block and panel products is used. Today, modern architecture looks different, you can see this by looking at a selection of modern projects:

• a small one-story building that looks like a fairytale house;

• a laconic modern building located on the same plane;

• Art Nouveau cottages are ideally integrated into the natural landscape;

• a private two-storey house with an abundance of flowing lines, characteristic of the "clean" modernist style;

• a striking modern three-tiered structure.

Modern in interior design is no less interesting than in architectural buildings. The style has its own characteristics in the presentation of furniture, decoration, decor and color scheme. Let's start with a description of the finishing material typical of Art Nouveau. Before starting repairs in an apartment, a design plan should be drawn up. It should clearly stipulate the levels of ceilings, the pattern of the walls, the format of the floor and the necessary materials.

Walls are often shaped with beautiful, curved lines made of wood. In between, there may be seamless wallpaper, paint or decorative plaster. If it is a thin partition, frosted or colored glasses are inserted into the contour frame.

Multilevel stretch ceilings with winding shapes seem to be voluminous. Stained glass inserts are often used, illuminated from the inside. You can choose any material for the floor - warm wood, stone, it is important that the coating is natural. The floral theme is often reflected in the floor pattern. Glossy parquet covered with multi-layer varnish is effectively combined with graceful stained-glass windows.

If Art Nouveau is used in its pure form, the furniture contains the characteristic features of the style - the presence of a floral theme, curved lines and shapes. Wood is used for the manufacture, occasionally they resort to veneer products of different textures, forging elements, glass may be present. Soft items are covered with natural fabrics. We offer a selection of furniture in the Art Nouveau style, in which the winding lines of the facades are clearly visible, opposing clear geometric edges:

• an unusual Art Nouveau wardrobe with graceful legs;

• carved solid wood desk with streamlined shapes;

• the bed with a large headboard is decorated with a typesetting pattern of curved lines;

• an extravagant sofa bench complete with a table support the plots of flora and fauna;

• Carved wooden chairs in the shape of leaves continue to support the theme.

The color scheme is spied on by nature, therefore it contains natural shades. Accent spots are used in small quantities. Due to the abundance of wood, brown tones are often dominant in interiors. Calm olive, powdery, mint, cream, pearl, silver shades are also used. Sometimes the richness of the style is emphasized by a golden palette. White and brown colors are combined with any delicate flavor.

In modernity, experiments are permissible, deviations from the norm, as opposed to traditions. But this does not mean that you can arrange a flower booth. Only professional designers manage to stay on the edge, create an unusual palette and not slip into bad taste.

Initially, the style was decorative in itself, the rejection of unnecessary decorations has already occurred in our time. The abundance of decor inside the rooms varies depending on whether the design belongs to the early or late Art Nouveau. Vegetable, animal motifs, images of graceful human figures can be found in the decoration of walls, on the air railings of stairs, in the framing of windows. The decor can be white, carved interior doors, arches with stained glass inserts, fireplaces surrounded by plaster vegetation or antique figurines.

Clocks, dishes, vases, figurines, candlesticks, carved mirrors - everything will suit this style, the main thing is that the jewelry looks expensive and does not contain artificial materials. Cushions of different colors made of dense silk and cotton are used as textiles. In the bedroom, the bedspread on the bed can match the pleasant drapery of the headboard. The windows are covered with blackout curtains to match the interior.

The central lighting features an expensive floral chandelier adorned with crystal trimmings. Sometimes it is replaced by glowing stained-glass windows located in the center or in several ceiling zones at once. For soft diffused light, classic sconces are used, in harmony with the chandelier.Mini floor lamps are installed on the bedside tables.

LED strips and spotlights are used in the interiors of the late Art Nouveau. Here are some examples of design with typical Art Nouveau lighting fixtures:

• the chandelier is made in the form of a flower basket with lilies of the valley; two luxurious sconces, located on both sides of the door, repeat the theme;
• paired crystal chandeliers with pendants defining two zones in the study;
• glowing stained glass window in the interior.

Modern prefers large rooms, but even in them it is able to create the impression of a congestion of space with expensive and high-quality things and at the same time preserve the elegance of the interior.

Art Nouveau in small kitchens is not worth considering. In medium-sized rooms, furniture for a modern style should be light, uncluttered, visually light. White color easily dissolves in space, so a contrasting wall decoration or several dark headset items are chosen for it. In large rooms, more saturated colors are allowed.

The Art Nouveau style is characterized by the choice of the dominant color, to which all design elements are subordinated. Interior details attract with their splendor, and you do not immediately notice that they are all thematically related to each other and make up a single integrity of the environment. Using the examples of ready-made living rooms, you can understand the design features of these rooms:

• the living room is characterized by sinuous lines of decor in the decoration of the walls, rounded shapes of refined and light furniture, the presence of stained-glass windows and forging;
• the living room in the late Art Nouveau style contains neutral and black shades combined with the color of fresh greenery;
• overloading with things is characteristic of early modernism, but if you look closely, all objects are harmoniously interconnected in a single theme of the living room.

The Art Nouveau style seems to be created for the bedroom. Comfortable furniture, cozy atmosphere, muted colors and various lamps with soft enveloping light dispose to rest and relaxation. The richness and elegance of such bedrooms can be seen in examples.

• Aristocratic olive room with restrained and at the same time magnificent decor of walls, ceiling, bed, floor mirror. High arched glass doors allow air and light in the room.
• The sophisticated furnishings of the bedroom in a late Art Nouveau design are fully in line with the modern lifestyle. The style is marked by a graceful chandelier with ornate lines, a forest depicted in the photo wallpaper, and a curly headboard.
• A modern bedroom based on a circle and a ball. The laconic furnishings of the room are completely subordinated to these lines and shapes.

Small bathroom owners may prefer a different style. To decorate a modernist style, the room must be spacious enough. Otherwise, everything is like in a regular bathroom - tiles, plumbing, furniture.

• In XXI century Art Nouveau design, you can find wall-to-wall windows overlooking the metropolis. Smooth lines of plumbing fixtures, mirrors, lighting fixtures echo the straight forms of modern furniture.
• In this interior, semicircular, wavy, spiral lines are used as much as possible. The floral theme is reflected in the lamps.
• Early Art Nouveau in the bathroom is characterized by plant-themed chandeliers, abstract wall art and ornate ceiling structures.

The spectacular, rich style has surprisingly manifested itself in architecture and interior design. This can be seen by considering examples:

• a complex multi-textured wall on the theme of flora and fauna in a room with an Art Nouveau design;

• the dining room is made of wood material, delightful in-depth beautiful decor in the form of wood carvings and abstract lines on the walls and furniture;

• a large architectural structure in the Art Nouveau style can compete with the royal chambers;

• another magnificent house resembling a palace;

• a high-rise modern building erected in the Art Nouveau style;

• shocking structure even for a freestyle that ignores tradition.