Bauhaus interior

The Bauhaus style was invented by the Germans, it fully meets their practicality and the desire for comfort, expressed through simple and convenient things.... The style avoids bourgeois luxury with a lot of unnecessary items. In the article, we will tell you how you can organize a comfortable, economical and aesthetic modern interior on the area of ​​an apartment or a country house.

The Bauhaus style appeared in Germany in the 1920s. During this period, Art Nouveau was already breaking the stereotypes of boring expensive classicism. Therefore, the Bauhaus can be considered the direction of modernist architecture. The new style has absorbed the features of cubism, constructivism, geometrism. Thanks to him, design ceased to be the prerogative of the rich, he began to use the principle of standardization and went into widespread use.

The architects of that time designed houses for industrial quarters, trying to reduce the cost of building materials as much as possible, but at the same time the apartments had 2-3 rooms, a kitchen and a bathroom, which allowed low-income families to live comfortably.

The Bauhaus style is designed for an active life in urban areas, it is aimed at the broad masses and at the same time at the convenience of each individual person... This area is characterized by the use of new technologies, modern building materials.

Bauhaus design is available to everyone, there is no pretentiousness in the interior, the environment is built on simple geometric shapes... In filling the space, a balance between vertical and horizontal elements is characteristic, although the latter are mainly used, only stairs and elongated windows can be attributed to vertical options. The level of ceilings in rooms most often has different heights. Despite the simplicity and severity, the style does not seem boring, the appearance of the interiors is not devoid of aesthetics and creativity.

"Bauhaus" is translated from German as "building a house". At the beginning of the twentieth century in Germany, this was the name of the Higher School of Construction and Artistic Design. It existed from 1919 to 1933 and managed to give the world a whole direction in art and architecture, which influenced design decisions in interiors, furniture production, book design, drew attention to the simplicity and beauty of everyday things.

The industrial growth of the twentieth century was poorly combined with the detailing of ornaments and the richness of decor in the architecture of the past. What was needed was simple, economical and at the same time aesthetic forms that would make it possible to massively build houses, produce furniture and meet the demand of the broad masses of the population.

It is believed that the idea to combine industrial style with simplicity of geometric shapes, without forgetting about aesthetics, belongs to the head of the school, architect Walter Gropius. In the concept of the new style, it was proposed to exclude any decor from the interior that would not carry a functional load, the so-called "beauty for the sake of beauty" did not matter for the innovative direction.

At the initial stage, ideas of the following nature were seen in the style:

• refusal of decor;
• the use of machine technology and modern materials;
• industrial design was guessed;
• functionality, practicality, versatility were taken into account.

In 1933, when the National Socialists came to power in Germany, they closed the school. In the 30s of the last century, the construction of houses and the creation of interiors in the Bauhaus style moved to Palestine, Tel Aviv, Birobidzhan - where architects of Jewish origin began to move actively, fleeing the new German government. Walter Gropius emigrated to the United States, where he continued to work in this direction, as a result, the Americans received a practical and economical Bauhaus style, enriching it with their national characteristics.

Russian society in the first half of the twentieth century organically met the ideas of the German style, since the architecture of the buildings resembled constructivism, a trend that originated in young Soviet Russia. The Bauhaus style is still relevant today for its rational simplicity and functionality. But it cannot be considered completely modern, the retro imprint is clearly traced in the interior design, so the Bauhaus is almost never used in its pure form, only in combination with other directions.

In creating the Bauhaus interior, the following are used:

• geometric shapes - squares, rectangles, circles, zigzags;

• diagonal and horizontal lines;

• the presence of repetitive elements;

• asymmetry is used;

• smooth surfaces prevail.

In Bauhaus interiors, the same materials are used for wall decoration as for other areas, but they are distinguished from other styles by the specificity of the image. Smooth plastering or painting is most often used in wall decoration. Homogeneous light shades or bright geometric shapes of different colors are selected. We offer several options as examples.

• The wall design includes a set of rectangles in different colors and sizes. A juicy dynamic image is used for one of the walls of the room, for the rest, a monochromatic calm coloring is chosen.

• Decorating the surface in the form of an abstract pattern on a black background works for the perspective of the space.

Today, manufacturers offer a large assortment of geometric wallpapers, you can always choose an image with a kinetic effect, an imitation of a natural structure or the desired pattern for a specific design... For special occasions, they order printing according to their own sketches. Among the wallpaper products suitable for Bauhaus interiors, the following types can be distinguished.

• Graphics - simple images of geometric shapes, made in a contrasting version.

• Stereometric prints, which are volumetric figures - prisms, pyramids, cubes, parallelepipeds, polyhedrons.

• Geometry in 3D printing is still at the peak of popularity, it is used in interiors of Bauchus, hi-tech, cubism, minimalism.

The panels have clear shapes, this feature alone makes them suitable for Bauhaus design. And if the accent surface is laid out from decorative panels of different sizes, the wall will become an effective part of the entire interior.

The bas-relief image always attracts attention. For the Bauhaus, it is important not to deviate from the topic, to use abstract or geometric patterns.

• Looks great plaster bas-relief, performed in the same key with the surface.

• Stucco decor from polyurethane forms white crossed stripes on the graphite wall.

The floor in most Bauhaus interiors is not a bright, accent surface.It is made of quality materials - linoleum, parquet, laminate, it has an unobtrusive simple pattern or a muted monochromatic color. But each rule has its own exceptions, we have selected them as examples.

• Rectangles and squares make up the variegated flooring.

• The board is painted in rich shades of red and brown.

• Attracted by the expressive pattern of the floor surface.

• Designed by artist Piet Mondrian, the glossy black floor is decorated with colorful straight lines.

• The geometric pattern of the floor surface can be infinitely varied, but it always attracts with its precision and correctness.

The space of the ceiling does not go unnoticed by the designers. If finishing decor is not provided, linear or radius lamps help out. But more often in the Bauhaus style, the ceiling has its own characteristics, by which this direction is easily guessed.

• The black profile framing alternates with stretch fabrics, forming rectilinear sections.

• Contrasting lines passing from the walls to the ceiling end in a kind of abstract pattern of the lamps.

• Chaotically located geometric shapes of walls and parts of the ceiling are combined into a single space.

Bauhaus furniture is simple and functional, made from modern materials... She has regular shapes and the absence of any decor. Despite the brevity, the style is quite recognizable, regardless of which room is decorated in this theme - a kitchen, a bedroom or a hall. In the production of furniture, the greatest preference is given to metal, leather, wood, plastic and glass.

At the school of Walter Gropius, they came up with interior items based on a frame made of a bent metal pipe. Later, forged products were added to the variety of metal elements.

The rationality of German designers made it possible to combine several types of furniture for different purposes into a single model (hammock chair, shelving table).

The same rationality gave rise to a strange design (two in one), which from the front looks like an ordinary double wardrobe with a bar for hangers, and from the side it also contains doors that hide shelves and a lower mezzanine.

Practical nesting dolls attract attention, such as a set of stools of different sizes, integrating into each other up to the parameters of one chair. The kit is convenient to use in small apartments. When guests leave, the seats roll up into a single structure and go under the table.

Elements of cubism are visible in the clear geometric shapes of the Bauhaus furniture. Soft bright leather chairs resemble cubes.

The lines of the cube are also guessed in the design of the bed. The square double bed looks quite traditional. The sleek structure of metal pipes and slats built above the bed makes a reference to the style. In the interiors of the Bauhaus, models of "floating" beds are also used.

The dining group of this trend looks extremely unusual. The base of the table is made up of two crisscrossed glass-covered frames, and the chairs look more like one-stroke zigzags than furniture.

When it comes to transforming models made in the Bauhaus style, there is a manifestation of constructivism. For example, a black and red composition of two chairs and tables seems to be a single geometrically perfect design. In fact, it is two separate chairs with small tabletops included, which can easily serve offline.

Another example of a transformer that represents the simplest possible chair. The lightweight air frame is made of aluminum tubes, and two small planks serve as a seat.At the moment of transformation, the chair moves apart, forming two seats, while the geometric pattern formed by the tubular frame changes in a peculiar way.

The Bauhaus style allows you to use any color in the interior. Neutral shades (beige, light gray, graphite) refer to background use. On their surface, geometric shapes of different colors can dazzle.

In most interiors, the famous rule is adhered to - do not use more than three shades. But since pure tones are chosen, for example, thick blue, yellow and red, visually there are more of them, and the room becomes like a fireworks display, as, for example, in the works of de Stijl.

The Bauhaus interior is characterized by the contrast of black and white, on which the design can be completely built. The atmosphere is softened by the use of warm woody shades.

If you choose a monochrome setting in brown, milky or gray tones, the neutral theme is often diluted with several accent spots.

Sometimes in the decoration of the walls and ceiling of the Bauhaus style, you can find only one color 'not bright, muted, but saturated, which does not irritate, but attracts attention. The emptiness of surfaces is diluted by decor created from tubes or planks in the form of rectangles and squares.

In the direction of the Bauhaus, bright, abundant light of cold shades is used, as in industrial premises. Light walls, glass partitions and doors are added to active lighting - everything in the complex visually expands the space, makes it light and airy.

In the Bauhaus style, zoning is encouraged, in which lighting plays an important role... Various kinds of lamps with autonomous switching are used, which allows illuminating only the necessary areas, and leaving the rest in the shade.

You can completely abandon the central chandelier by saturating the room with zonal lighting. But if it is present, then in some way it should resemble figures from a geometry textbook or technological objects.

If you correctly decorate the room with built-in lamps, the main chandelier will not be needed. By installing them behind a stretch canvas, you can get glowing lines, rectangles, circles on the ceiling. Taking up a large area, they fully illuminate the room.

Recessed spotlights zone the room well. They are placed over a computer table, bed, or in the kitchen in the cooking area.

LED backlighting, hidden behind all kinds of protrusions and objects, visually provides "soaring" in space. The bulbs of such designs are durable and can shine for many years without replacement.

It is equipped with cables, structures made of metal pipes or profiles. The clear, illuminated black metal lines are characteristic of Bauhaus interiors. Rectilinear lamps hanging from the ceiling are actively used.

In the interiors of the Bauhaus, you can find table lamps, floor lamps, sconces and other types of lamps. Their location depends on the purpose of a particular zone.

Above the workplace, spotlights are often fixed, and a table lamp can flaunt on the surface of a desk or computer desk. In support of the style, it will definitely have a clear shape with no frills. A floor lamp installed in a recreation area will be just as graphically simple.

Above the dining group, laconic lighting fixtures can hang from the ceiling. Their simplicity borders on perfection. The same hanging lamp is often placed above the seating area if you do not want to use a floor lamp.

The Bauhaus style has its own concept of beauty. Simplicity, ergonomics, perfect forms also affect the aesthetic perception of the environment. This is not to say that such interiors are completely devoid of beautiful additions, just the decor in most cases also carries a practical load. For example, a plain floor is covered with a variegated carpet, which makes the room not only more beautiful, but also warmer. For the same purpose, the podiums are covered with multi-colored textiles.

A beautifully designed decorative wall is not just spectacular, but fully functional. A well-thought-out abstract décor also serves as shelves.

But there are exceptions to the rules, they relate to geometric paintings and unusual installations. Let's take one of them as an example: a stand with colored rectangles, fixed on the wall, flows down "paint" onto the floor, forming a "puddle". The installation hypnotically attracts the eye, completely changing the boring gray room, but at the same time it does not carry any functionality.

The cleverly thought-out color elements on the plain surface of the floor and walls are already an unrivaled decor in themselves. And if practical shelves in niches and amazing lamps are added to them, rationality is successfully combined with aesthetics.

Another example of decorating a room with color. The designer placed colorful figures on the accent wall. The shades subtly descend on the textiles of the sofa cushions, and then, having lost their juiciness, but retaining their diversity, they move on to a cozy carpet. In this design, the rug and cushions combine the practicality and beauty of the Bauhaus.

The most common technique for decorating neutral colored empty walls in this style is overhead geometric designs that flow from the walls into the space of the room. They are made of painted metal pipes, strips, profiles. They are organically combined with the same type of furniture and lamps.

You can truly appreciate the amazing style only with beautiful examples.

• Bauhaus in the design of a private house.

• A colorfully designed seating area with geometric overtones.

• Modern Bauhaus in monochrome.

• Elegant and cozy interior.

• Boudoir setting in a stylish colorful room.

• Contrasting design softened by warm shades of wood furniture.