Laying "in 2 bricks": scheme and technology

Brick is an environmentally friendly and reliable material, as a result of which it is very often used in construction. A 2-brick masonry is suitable for the construction of buildings of varying degrees of complexity. Brick walls built using this technique are capable of withstanding significant loads. A proper professional level of the performer or meticulous adherence to the step-by-step guide can ensure a long service life and strength of the structure.

The main tools for working with red brick (aka ceramic) are:

• putty knife;
• trowel (trowel);
• construction level;
• cutter;
• cord;
• pickaxe, oven hammer;
• plumb line, rule;
• roulette;
• shovels (bayonet, shovel, sapper).

Careful attention must be paid to the choice of the binder component - the solution. The brick mix is ​​made on the basis of cement. For greater density and strength, sand is added to the cement... The ratio should be approximately as follows: 3 parts of sand to 1 part of cement (depending on the brand of cement). The solution is mixed with water.

Also use a cement-lime mortar. However, it is not suitable for the construction of large structures. It is mainly used to form decorative elements in the interior. The solution is characterized by unusual plasticity and low thermal conductivity.

When using bricks, accuracy is important. Since all the details of the future structure are identical, you can easily calculate the height and width of the future structure with 2 bricks.

With the typical dimensions of a red brick corresponding to GOST, the parameters are calculated as follows:

• the width of the masonry in two bricks will be 510 millimeters;
• the height of the structure based on 2 brick blocks and the seams between them - 154 millimeters (one brick is 65 millimeters in height, the seam height is 12 millimeters).

Any of the brickwork methods is based on the rotation of the butt and spoon rows. They took the names from the faces of the brick block. There are three surfaces of this building material. This is a jab, spoons and bed.

The bed is the largest face of a brick block, its other name is working. The bed can be bottom or top. It depends on how it is placed in the brickwork. The spoon is the side perpendicular to the bed, it is the second largest. The jab is perpendicular to all faces. This is the smallest part of the brick block.

There are 5 basic variations of brickwork in 2 components.

• Cross... First of all, they lay out 3 stitch rows, and then the same number of spoonfuls. After that, the action is done again in the same order the required number of times.
• Chain (double row)... This is the most affordable and uncomplicated way to build walls. At first, 2 lines are laid out in parallel. Each subsequent row is placed parallel to the previous one and properly reinforced with cement mortar.You should get a model of a ladder with a shift of 3 centimeters.

• Artistic... This type of masonry provides for the formation of a facade pattern by painting, seam patterns and brick laying technology. The facade is not a flat surface, but an intricate relief with architectural elements (these are niches, ledges, columns, slopes and other volumetric patterns). This method of masonry is also called patterned relief.
• Single row... It is realized by the technique of staggered alternation of stick and spoon rows. Most often, a similar method is used for the construction of fences.
• Multi-row... With this system, the wall is laid in even layers of 6 rows of brick blocks. Moreover, only every 6th row is butted. Others are spoon. Longitudinal vertical seams are tied with every 6th row.

The two-brick scheme involves laying brick blocks in horizontal rows. Here it is necessary to take into account the geometric characteristics of the building, its purpose, the greatest load. Among other things, you need to keep in mind the thermophysical properties. The total thickness of the walls is made up of the overall parameters of the brick and the layer of cement.

The strength characteristics of the building are directly related to the choice of the ligation scheme, which is carried out in the transverse or longitudinal direction. It is imperative to take into account the fact that the masonry option under discussion is associated with high pressure on the structure., perceiving operational loads, in particular, the foundation. As a result, when choosing such a method, first of all, it is worth worrying about its proper strength. A reinforced foundation is best.

For the basement, as a rule, they choose masonry in 2 brick blocks. It turns out to be quite strong and capable of withstanding any stress. But do not forget about the solution, it is also of great importance. The best option - M75... It has good ductility and toughness.

To give the plinth even greater strength, every 4 rows it is necessary to reinforce it with a specialized steel mesh with a mesh size of 50x50 millimeters. When constructing the basement, it is necessary to take into account the load of one upper brick block - it must fall on the 2 lower blocks. Another extremely important point is that when you will be laying a basement of 2 bricks, you will need to ensure perfect evenness of the rows.

For the basement, as a rule, two dressing schemes are used.

• Chain (single row)... It is chosen mainly for its simplicity. The first row is laid out with a poke, and the second - by the "spoon-poke-spoon" method. But when constructing the corners of a basement in two bricks, the chain and single-row methods are partially different.
• Multi-row... Here, the first two rows are laid out like a chain scheme, and all the following (including the 6th) are laid out only in a spoon way.

Most buildings require corners to be created. This is the most difficult process in building structures. It is important to take into account several factors at once.

Also, for convenience, it is worth changing the brick laying technique.

• 1st row - a base is laid, which is arranged only in one place by the spoon method, in the rest - a butt scheme.
• 2nd row - it is laid in the same way as the entire wall, but when turning, a joint must be made, which will add strength.
• 3rd row and beyond - all brick blocks must be laid clockwise using the spoon method.

The last 2 rows will be finishing. They must be implemented in the same way as the first 2, only in the opposite direction.

For pillar masonry, a 3-row dressing system is practiced (640x510; 510x510; 380x510).

To build a wall of 2 bricks, it is required to take into account not only the masonry technology, but also the rules for pairing the elements with each other.

There are two basic mounting methods:

• press;
• interspersed.

Clamping is one of the most common methods used in the construction of walls. A hard cement mortar is used for it, since the shrinkage with a similar installation method is the smallest.

For masonry using the pressing method, it is required to retreat from the outer part of the wall approximately 10 millimeters. The solution is spread over the bed with a trowel. Then part of it is collected a little at the vertical edge of the brick block, which is already lying. The next brick block must be placed on the prepared mortar and moved to the already lying row, pressing firmly against the trowel. Then the trowel is pulled out sharply, leaving a little cement mortar between the bricks... It is necessary to slightly press the masonry with your hand so that the cement seizes well.

Injection technology is less stable and dense. With this method, the seams are not completely filled. As a result, this method is often called "wasteland". In this case, brick blocks are placed on the bed. All the displaced cement is cut off with a trowel and pushed into the vertical joint from the side. But it is not often possible to fill the seam completely, so it usually remains half empty.

Laying in 2 bricks is a reliable technology used for the construction of strong and dense walls. Depending on the type of future building, it is required to carefully choose which of the wall construction technologies is more suitable for a particular structure.

In the next video, you will find a master class on brickwork in a two-brick corner.