Iris marsh: description, planting and care

There are a large number of plants that can be grown in the country or near the house. Some of them are quite familiar to gardeners, others are exotic. Our today's “hero” is the marsh iris, able to compete with both familiar plants and promising “guests” from distant countries.

It is appropriate to start a conversation about marsh iris with a designation of its role in gardening. This culture is considered the best choice for picturesque, overly humid gardens around country houses. A characteristic feature of the plant is its minimal whimsy. But it is necessary to understand that a yellow flower can grow not only on especially moist soil.

It is successfully bred on all types of soil, with very little effort by farmers to get a brilliant result. The pseudoair species has hardly changed in terms of its genome throughout its development. And there was no point in this for the breeders. Already the wild type of aquatic iris looks great and creates a favorable impression in any environment.

In nature, this plant inhabits mainly river banks.

Wild-growing irises are a perennial herb. You can see it in almost any part of the world, including the Siberian and Ural regions. They are not found only in the most northern latitudes. Reproduction of wild iris occurs due to the spread of seeds by river streams. The seeds are distinguished by excellent buoyancy due to air chambers and a waterproof surface.

Regardless of its wild or cultivated origin, iris develops as a typical weed plant. In a short time after the rooting of the planting material, developed rhizomes will appear, which have a very developed annual growth. This circumstance greatly complicates the fight against unplanned flowers.

You can distinguish marsh iris from garden iris by a large spot of orange-amber color. But for cultivated plants, this difference is not always characteristic. They may have:

• terry;

• white;

• blue;

• pink;

• purple paint.

Even in ancient times, leatherwork was not complete without the roots of the marsh iris. With their help, the brown color of natural leather was provided. On the cut, the rhizome is initially light, but gradually it will darken. The length of a slightly branched shoot is 0.7-0.8 m. The leaves develop from the root, they are very dense to the touch.

Variegated varieties are often used for cultural breeding. Yellow iris is often planted near ponds. This culture has become one of the objects of interest of breeders who are constantly developing new hybrids.

A wide variety of marsh irises can be seen in the garden. They clearly differ in aesthetic value. But the requirements for their cultivation are about the same. Such a variety as "Bastarda" definitely deserves attention. It is actively used in the northwestern part of Russia.A characteristic feature of the plant is the absence of an orange spot. The largest diameter of Bastarda flowers is from 0.12 to 0.14 m.

A unique option is the yellow-pink "Umkirch". This variety has a spot, and moreover, it is very noticeable. But the English "Holden Clow" is very wayward and highly appreciates warmth. If the ground freezes, the lilac flowers can easily die; a yellowish spot helps to distinguish them.

When choosing terry irises options, you need to pay attention to names such as Sun Cascade and Dable Pagoda. In places with a warm climate, you can grow "Variegatu" or Roy davidson, characterized by a very large width of glossy leaves.

English White produces white flowers. This plant is rather large in size, reaching almost 1 m in height. There are creamy notes on the white petals, and a cherry edging is located around the perimeter. With the right approach, even in Russian conditions, this culture gives 9 flowers. For comparison: in other countries, gardeners manage to get up to 15 flowers in the open air.

Blue and blue flowers are quite rare in marsh iris. Its most attractive options are given by 2 varieties: Vernicolor, Limbo. Vernicolor comes from North America. The flowers reach 0.05-0.07 m in diameter. They have a huge number of shades, and each of them varies very subtly.

As for the undersized varieties, first of all the famous Limbo belongs to them. Placed on a white background, blue and purple veins look very attractive. The flowers themselves have a corrugated surface. Holdens Child is similar in color. Its flowers are distinguished by a characteristic "mesh".

Planting irises does not pose any particular problems, but it is still worth following the universal requirements to ensure success. It is best to choose well-lit areas. But in the most difficult cases, you can also select areas with light shading. It is advised to plant marsh iris in dense soil, where a lot of organic matter is concentrated. The acidity of the earth should not exceed 7 units.

The culture will grow even in lowlands where water collects and stagnates. Special watering for iris growing near the reservoir is not required. But when planting in ordinary open ground, irrigation should be carried out regularly, since drying out an earthen coma is extremely dangerous.

During the first year of development, the iris may shift slightly to the side. That is why they prefer not an ordinary, but a fan-shaped seating scheme. Before planting, a mixture of potassium and phosphorus, supplemented with compost, is laid in the ground. It is imperative to take care of disease prevention by treating planting sites with fungicides and herbicides. It is strictly forbidden to use manure for irises.

Care and cultivation of this crop is not difficult. Top dressing is done 1 time during the growing season. Mineral additives will guarantee the formation of lush flowers. It is imperative to think about protection from winter frosts.

For safety net, it is recommended to cover the rhizomes very carefully. A combination of peat and earth is considered an ideal cover. When spring comes, the shelter is immediately removed. The soil will simply need to be spread around the plant, and the peat will need to be disposed of. There is no need to add nitrogen, but potassium and phosphorus will have to be periodically added even to the initially fertile soil, since it is quickly depleted.

False irises are propagated using seeds or by dividing a bush.It must be remembered that self-seeding propagation is very easy. Cutting the bolls before they open helps to prevent this uncontrolled spread of the flower. The seeds are buried in the fall to 0.02 m in the ground. The bushes are divided in spring or in the last days of August; it makes no sense to carry out this procedure more often than once 5 years.

Swamp irises of the most exquisite and rare varieties get sick very often. For prophylaxis, it is advised to treat the plants with a Bordeaux mixture before and after flowering. A fungal disease such as Alternaria is expressed in the blackening of the edges of the leaf. Gradually they will die off.

Ascochitis, sometimes referred to as spotting, results in brownish watery specks; the leaves soon dry up. Suppression of ascochitis is possible with copper preparations. But we must remember that a dangerous fungus will still remain in the soil and in any part of the plant.

It is necessary to be afraid of heterosporiasis with the onset of prolonged rains. A humid and warm summer will also aggravate the course of the disease. The only thing gardeners can do is consistently remove and burn the infected flower fragments.

It is impossible to defend against the mosaic, which is manifested by medium-sized stripes and spots. Agrochemists have not yet come up with a suitable drug. It would be much more correct to think about prevention, which is expressed in the fight against aphids. If a plant gets sick, it must be removed immediately. But it is a little easier to deal with rust: the disease can be eliminated by treating with a sulfuric solution with an interval of 14 days.

The main preventive measure is the cultivation of irises in one place for a maximum of 3-4 years in a row. You also need to take care of decent drainage. Wet rot is recognized by:

• brown leaf tips;

• gradual drying out of these tips;

• the appearance of a putrid odor.

All affected areas are immediately cut off. After the "operation" they are treated with potassium permanganate.

You can be afraid of gray rot when high humidity occurs. A characteristic expression is a gray bloom on decaying foliage; it is worth remembering that the tubers will also be affected. All diseased parts are cut out and burned, and watering is temporarily stopped.

To avoid damage by bacterial decay, you should always sterilize the instrument used for transplanting and loosening. Wounds caused by insects are also dangerous. These are excellent entry points for various infections. In order for the iris to be less exposed to dangers, it must be protected from:

• low temperatures;

• deepening roots;

• excessive acidification of the earth;

• dense disembarkation;

• deficiency of phosphorus and potassium in the soil.

A patient with bacterial rot iris is sprayed with special mixtures 2-3 times per season.

Treatment of roots with aqueous solutions of antibiotics also helps from this and other bacterial diseases. 10 tablets of the recommended drug are diluted in 1 liter of pure water. It is recommended to keep the affected roots in an unsaturated solution of foundationol for another 60 minutes, and for 30 minutes in the same concentration of potassium permanganate. Then the roots are dried, the cuts are soaked with activated charcoal and the plant is planted in a safe place where there is no infection in the ground.

The most dangerous insects are:

• bear;

• Khrushch;

• wireworm;

• onion fly.

The methods of dealing with them are the same as for other plants.

To combat harmful insects, a carbophos emulsion is used at a concentration of 10%. 0.075-0.09 kg of the emulsion is diluted in 10 liters of water and sprayed with the resulting iris solution once every 7 days.

Regular cleaning of the garden from weeds helps to prevent the attack of nematodes (translucent worms). Before weeding, all instruments are disinfected in a formalin solution (concentration 10%). Before planting, it is advised to steam the land. Spraying with Kinmiks will help with bronzovki. 0.025 kg of the composition is diluted in 1 liter of water.

To make a plant happy, you need to take care not only of its safety and proper cultivation. It is used in design:

• compositions with a dominant contribution of trees and bushes;

• green barriers within the site;

• green hedges around the perimeter;

• flower beds (along with other crops);

• solitary groups;

• flower beds of the same type;

• plant rows along the curbs and pond, lake shores.

For more information on swamp iris, see below.