Pear Kieffer (Seedling Kieffer)

Pear Kieffer (Seedling Kieffer)
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Authors: P. Kieffer (USA)
  • Appeared when crossing: Ussuri or Chinese sand pear x pollen of the Bere Anjou variety, according to other sources - pollen of the Williams variety
  • Year of approval: 1947
  • Fruit weight, g: 125-330
  • Ripening terms: autumn
  • Fruit picking time: September 20-30
  • Appointment: fresh, for preservation
  • Growth type: medium height
  • Yield: high
  • Transportability: good
View all specifications

A universal variety of Kieffer pear, rare for Russian gardens (synonyms Kieffer's Seedling and Kieffer's Hybrid). An overseas guest came to us from the distant American continent, where for many decades it has been loved by gardeners and consumers. The plant is distinguished by its unpretentiousness, productivity and fruits of high commercial qualities. Fruits are used for fresh consumption, in confectionery, as well as for cooking compotes, jams, preserves and confiture.

Breeding history

The authorship of the appearance of the hybrid variety belongs to the Philadelphia breeder Peter Kieffer, who received a new variety as a result of crossing the Ussuri or Chinese Sand pear with the pollen of the Bere Anjou variety. According to another version, the second parent was Williams pollen. The Kieffer was approved for use in 1947.

Description of the variety

A medium-sized tree with a beautiful pyramidal, well-leafy dense crown forms smooth, straight shoots, rather thick (exceeding the average thickness), covered with brown-green bark with a reddish tint, pubescent in the upper part. In this case, the skeletal branches depart from the trunk at an angle of 25-30 degrees. The shiny dark green leaf plate is large, thickened, leathery type, has an ovoid shape.

Pros of Kieffer pear:

  • unpretentiousness;

  • strong immunity;

  • long keeping quality;

  • high productivity;

  • drought tolerance;

  • excellent commercial qualities;

  • regularity of fruiting;

  • good transportability;

  • attractive appearance.

Disadvantages - loss of frost resistance in temperate latitudes, as well as an unusual aftertaste.

The ovary is formed on shoots 3-4 years old, as well as on pods. The fruit is attached to a thick, straight-type stalk, thickened at both ends. The snow-white bloom is abundant, but very early, which threatens the death of the ovaries with recurrent frosts.

Fruit characteristics

Medium and large (150-300 g) cuboid or barrel-shaped fruits have a characteristic bumpy surface. Light green at the time of removable maturity, the fruit is colored in a golden-yellow palette with numerous large subcutaneous punctures at the stage of consumer ripeness.

Taste qualities

Juicy, creamy pulp of a rough consistency has a sweet and slightly tart taste with a subtle turpentine aftertaste. Do not be afraid of this - as a result, the taste is spicy and very attractive. The fruit is rich in a fairly diverse chemical composition:

  • sugar - 8.1%;

  • titratable acids - 0.3%;

  • ascorbic acid - 8.5 mg / 100g;

  • dry soluble substances - 13.5%;

  • P-active catechins 68.0 mg / 100 g wet weight.

The fruits are covered with dry, thick skin, rough to the touch, but almost imperceptible when eaten. High tasting score of experts - from 4.53 to 4.68 points out of 5 possible.

Ripening and fruiting

The early-fruiting (fruiting begins 5-6 years after planting) Kieffer pear belongs to the autumn category in terms of harvest time - the fruits are harvested on September 20-30.

Ripening of pears begins in the second half of summer and lasts until mid-autumn. To keep the pears fresh and tasty until winter, harvesting takes into account the characteristics of the variety, the ripening time and the weather conditions in the region.

Yield

The hybrid variety belongs to high-yielding varieties - trees that have reached the age of 16-19 years yield from 180 to 220 centners per hectare, in the foothill zone 24-26-year-old pears yield a yield of 200-250 centners / ha.

Growing regions

Kieffer is adapted for the mild climate of the southern regions of Russia - the North Caucasus region, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, and also bears fruit well in the Central Asian republics.

Self-fertility and the need for pollinators

The pear is a self-infertile variety, therefore, for cross-pollination nearby, pollinating varieties with similar flowering times are required. For these purposes, the varieties Saint-Germain, Conference and Bon-Louise are suitable.

Landing

The planting site is chosen on the sunny side of the site, giving preference to fertile soil, although Kieffer has low soil requirements. The seedlings are planted in the spring, but the warm climate allows planting in the fall, especially since it is believed that "autumn" seedlings take root better. When choosing a place, it should be borne in mind that this pear does not bear fruit well on loam and sandy loam soils. It is also necessary to remember about groundwater - their close proximity to the root system is unacceptable, and it sinks into the ground by 6-8 meters. Constant humidity first oppresses the plant, and then completely destroys the roots.

For planting, they dig a hole with dimensions of 80x80x100 cm.At the bottom, they arrange a drainage layer of at least 15-20 cm from gravel, pebbles, crushed stone, broken brick. At the same time, a support for the weak stem is installed. The removed soil is enriched with organic matter, while introducing at least 3 buckets of compost or humus, 0.3 kg of superphosphate and 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate. If the soil is clayey, then river sand must be added - all together will make the earth looser and more breathable.

In order for the pears to be tasty and of high quality, and the yields to be consistently high, you need to responsibly approach the planting of a fruit tree. When planting a pear, you need to take into account many factors: correctly determine the timing, choose the right place, pay attention to the preparation of the planting pit.
Pear grafting is a simple and exciting procedure, but it requires accuracy and adherence to a number of rules. First of all, you need to take care of the selection and procurement of inoculation material, deal with the timing and methods of vaccination. An important point is also the choice of the rootstock, on the quality of which the result of the entire event and future fruiting will directly depend.

Growing and care

Further care and cultivation of the tree is not difficult. Watering in the first year is carried out as needed, starting from the second year, reduced to three times per season. The first irrigation is carried out during the swelling of the buds, the second time the pear is watered at the budding stage, and the third - at the time of ovary formation.

As for pruning, it is carried out in two forms:

  • sanitary - dry, weak and damaged shoots are removed every spring;

  • crown formation - pruning is carried out in the first 5 years, removing the upper part of the conductor to form tiers, the bearing branches are bent down and fixed, thus preventing damage to the branches with a bountiful harvest.

The introduction of nutrients, fertilizers is carried out three times per season:

  • in early spring, the pear will need nitrogen and organic matter;

  • in the middle of summer, potash-phosphorus fertilizers are applied;

  • in the fall, wood ash is added for digging.

It should be remembered about preventive treatments with insecticides and fungicides - although the variety has good resistance to diseases, you should not risk the harvest and plant health. Intrusive wasps are scared away with saline. Growing in warm climates relieves gardeners of the need to cover their plants for the winter.

In order for a pear to grow correctly and give high yields, its branches must be cut off in time. Pruning can be done in both spring and fall. Depending on the age of the tree and the goals set, pruning can be: sanitary, thinning, shaping, stimulating, rejuvenating.
Feeding pears is a must-have procedure that cannot be ignored. Experienced gardeners recommend applying the first fertilizers two years after planting the tree. The process is divided into 3 main stages, which are determined by the timing of ripening, flowering and fruiting of the pear.
There are two ways to grow a pear seedling - vegetative and by seed. The first method is the most common, including propagation by cuttings, air layers, seedling buds. Seeds are grown less often, since in order to get a bountiful harvest with good taste of the fruit, the seedling will need to be grafted.

Disease and pest resistance

The pear has strong immunity, as mentioned above, which allows it to successfully resist most fungal, viral and bacterial diseases, such as scab, fire blight and others.

Like any other fruit trees, the pear needs protection from various diseases and pests. When planting a pear on your site, you need to know in advance what diseases you should beware of. To successfully carry out the struggle, it is necessary first to correctly identify the cause of the problem. It is important to distinguish signs of disease from manifestations of the presence of insects, mites, caterpillars and other types of pests.

Resistance to soil and climatic conditions

The hybrid variety does not have sufficient winter hardiness to be grown in temperate latitudes in areas of risky farming, but at the same time it perfectly tolerates dry periods.

Main characteristics
Authors
P. Kieffer (USA)
Appeared when crossing
Ussuri or Chinese sand pear x pollen of the Bere Anjou variety, according to other sources - pollen of the Williams variety
Year of approval
1947
Appointment
fresh, for preservation
Yield
high
Average yield
at the age of 16-19 years, trees are 180-200 c / ha, in the foothill zone at the age of 24-26 years, the average yield is 200-250 c / ha
Transportability
good
Wood
Growth type
medium-sized
Crown
pyramidal, dense
Branches
the main skeletal branches extend from the trunk at an angle of 25-30 °
Escapes
even, straight, above average thickness, greenish-brown with a reddish tint, pubescent in the upper part
Foliage
good
Leaves
above medium size and large, thick, leathery, shiny, dark green, ovoid
Fruiting type
on pods and 3-4 year old wood
Fruit
Fruit weight, g
125-330
Fruit shape
cuboid or barrel-shaped, tuberous
Fruit size
medium, sometimes large
Coloring of the fruit during the period of removable maturity
light green
Fruit color during consumer maturity
golden yellow
Rustiness
scattered throughout the fruit in the form of large, numerous dots
Pulp
very juicy, rough
Pulp color
yellowish white
Taste
sweet, with a noticeable specific aftertaste
Skin
thick, dry, rough to the touch
Peduncle
straight, short, thick with bulges at both ends
The chemical composition of the fruit
dry soluble substances - 13.5%, sugars - 8.1%, titrated acids - 0.3%, ascorbic acid - 8.5 mg / 100g, P-active catechins 68.0 mg / 100g fr wt
Tasting assessment
4.53-4.68 points
Duration of storage of fruits
till December
Maturation
Ripening terms
autumn
Fruit picking time
September 20-30
Early maturity
from 5-6 years old
Frequency of fruiting
annually
Growing
Self-fertility
self-infertile
Winter hardiness
not high enough
Drought tolerance
high
Growing regions
North Caucasian region, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, republics of Central Asia
Disease resistance
good
Scab resistance
high
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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