All about horizontal hydraulic presses

Knowing everything about horizontal hydraulic presses is very important for their full use in various industries. The design of the hydraulic metal press is quite remarkable. There are presses for 100 tons and 20 tons, other models in terms of capacity - and all this has to be dealt with.

The modern horizontal hydraulic metal press features a well-thought-out design. It develops increased power density. Superiority over electrical counterparts is at least 3 times. In some designs, it reaches 5 times. Interestingly, the higher the absolute transmit power, the greater the benefit.

The increased speed of the hydraulic drive is also a positive point. Both starting and switching to reverse or even stopping the device can be 5 or even 10 times faster than models with an electric motor. The hydraulic drive is perfectly compatible with various hydraulic equipment:

• saws;
• jackhammers;
• buckets;
• special grips.

Rotational motion into reciprocating motion is converted very simply and harmoniously. In clearly defined modes, any technological operation is carried out easily. However, hydraulic presses also have weak points. The further the impulse has to be transmitted, the more energy is lost.

In general, the efficiency of hydraulic presses is low. Under unfavorable conditions, it decreases even more. Such equipment can work normally only at a strictly specified temperature and pressure in the environment. The use of such a technique is quite within the power of only highly qualified personnel who carefully monitor the cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid. In addition, as the service life is lost, the efficiency further decreases.

The horizontal hydraulic press has a static effect on various workpieces due to the liquid kinematic link. From a physical point of view, the apparatus is based on the effect of a hydraulic lever. Additionally, the principle of communicating vessels is used. When something presses on the liquid, this pressure will be distributed equally in either direction. The force on the second piston increases in the same proportion as it surpasses the area of ​​the first piston.

So that the press is not too large, a pair of check valves and a tank with an auxiliary volume of functional fluid are added to the design. In this embodiment, the amount of movement of the second piston is provided by increasing the number of cycles of movement of the first piston. The addition of a gate valve or distributors allows the piston to return to its original position.

When the piston goes down, the pressure fluid pushes the valve against the seat. This opens the other valve. The fluid flows under the second piston, makes it move and overcome the load force. In the lowest position, the movement of the piston is reversed, and the volume under it begins to increase. Vacuum allows the first valve to open and the second to close.Having reached the extreme position, the piston will move downward, pushing out the liquid, and the cycle will repeat.

The presses use different types of positive displacement pumps. The fluid can go to a different number of hydraulic cylinders. Valves, throttles and flow controllers are used to control the flow properties. When the distributor switches, fluid will flow into the cavities of the piston or rod. When the working fluid enters the piston cavity, pressing itself takes place, and its entry into the rod corresponds to the reverse stroke.

Most often, the frame of the apparatus is made from a thick mass of steel. This increases the permissible load level. To monitor the pressure and not allow it to be exceeded, pressure gauges with different scale values ​​and varying degrees of accuracy (according to the specific model) are used. A simple manual hydraulic press is capable of developing a force of no more than 20 tons.

Pneumatic hydraulic systems, to which a pneumatic cylinder is added, can develop forces up to 40 tons. Finally, if an electric initiating drive is used, the pressure force sometimes reaches 100 tons. Of course, the dimensions of the structures are very different, which also affects their practical capabilities. In each hydraulic press, the type of working fluid is selected individually, taking into account the range of tasks to be solved. The difference in the viscosity of water, special oils and other substances makes it necessary to select a solution individually.

In addition to the total compression force, attention should be paid to:

• the effort developed on the handle;
• operating speed of the apparatus;
• functional move;
• unit weight;
• pressure generated in the internal line.

The so-called baling presses deserve special attention. They are designed to compact various materials and substances, forming briquettes. Balers are often used for waste paper and waste. In a particular case, its actual performance is necessarily assessed. The power of the drive should also be taken into account.

Traditionally, when selecting a horizontal hydraulic press, it is necessary to find out how it meets the criteria of reliability and quality. Therefore, you should definitely study reviews of such equipment. Hydropress ratings published in various sources are useful, but it is unreasonable to limit selection only to acquaintance with them. You will certainly have to study the technical documentation. For use in a private household or in a small building, you need to buy a small-sized press.

Manual models are the safest. However, their performance and the range of operations performed are minimal. In addition, the use is not always convenient and you have to perform additional actions. Pneumatic hydraulic systems are sufficient for most operations, but a compressor or even a centralized air duct will have to be connected to them. The greatest variety of performed operations and applied modes is typical for electrohydraulic equipment.