Description of mahogany and an overview of its species

Joiners, carpenters use natural mahogany edged boards to create furniture and interior items. An unusual shade is most often accompanied by other advantages - strength, durability, resistance to decay. It is worth learning in more detail about what the South African mahogany and its other species are famous for.

Mahogany is a whole group of species, united by a common unusual shade of the trunk. Crimson tones prevail in its color outside and inside. It can be a rich orange, red-purple or bright burgundy hue. Breeds belonging to this group grow, mainly in Asia, North and South America, Africa.

There are some peculiarities in mahogany.

• Very slow growth, no more than 2-3 cm per year. Moreover, the lifespan of a tree can be calculated in centuries.

• Ease of processing. It is easy to saw, brush, polish and grind. Artistic carving is often performed on the surface of products.

• High drying speed.

• Erosion resistance. The material is not subject to destruction under the influence of time, some rocks only gain strength over the years.

• Long service life. The products have retained their appeal for over 100 years.

• Strength. Mahogany is not subject to deformation under shock loads, resistant to moisture and chemicals.

• Biological resistance. The material is extremely rarely affected by insect pests, the high density of fibers makes it practically invulnerable to fungus and mold.

• The originality of the texture. It is always unique, so they try to select materials from the same batch for finishing.

These features give mahogany the appeal for which it is so highly valued by craftsmen and lovers of luxury furnishings.

The list of mahogany breeds practically does not contain those found in Russia. It is dominated by South American species, Asian, African. Mahogany has a characteristic color, expressive texture. In Eurasia, there are varieties that are only conditionally ranked as mahogany.

• Yew berry. Slow-growing tree species, in adulthood reaches 20 m in height. Known as material for the sarcophagi of the Egyptian pharaohs. In Russia, this species is found in certain regions of the Caucasus; the plant population has suffered greatly from the deforestation of groves and forests. The wood of the berry yew is brown-red, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, when immersed in water it becomes purple-scarlet.

• Pointed yew. It belongs to an evergreen tree species, in Russia it is found in the Far East. It grows from 6 to 20 m in height, the girth of the trunk reaches 30-100 cm. The wood has a bright red-brown heart and yellow sapwood. This species is listed in the Red Book, its use is limited.

• European alder. A tree with black bark and white sapwood, which after sawing takes on a reddish tint. Differs in softness, fragility, ease of processing. Wood is in demand in the field of furniture manufacturing, construction, plywood and matches production.

• Dogwood is white. Occurs in Siberia, related to the North American silky roll. This shrub is of little use for practical use. It is mainly used in landscape design.

All these species, although they have reddish wood, are not directly related to particularly valuable varieties. There is another group - one that fully corresponds to the characteristics listed above. It is worth talking about the best species of real mahogany in more detail.

In Latin, the botanical name of the tree sounds like Swietenia Mahagoni, and in common parlance, the variant of the mahogany tree is more common. It has a very narrow growing area - it is cultivated only in Ceylon and the Philippines on special plantations. The plant belongs to the category of broadleaf tropical trees.

The following signs are characteristic of the mahogany roll-up:

• trunk height up to 50 m;
• diameter up to 2 m;
• reddish-brown shade of wood;
• straight texture;
• lack of inclusions and voids.

This genus also includes the American mahogany, also known as Swietenia macrophylla. The tree is found in the South American territory, up to the borders with Mexico, mainly in the tropics. Wood of this species also belongs to one of the varieties of mahogany. Swietenia macrophylla is a fruiting fruit species with significant leaf length, for which it received its Latin name.

During processing, mahogany wood acquires a slight shimmer, over time it can darken. This material is highly appreciated by manufacturers of musical instruments - drums, guitars, to which it gives a rich deep sound.

The mahogany breed called amaranth has a much more modest size than mahogany. Its habitat is the tropics of South America. The tree grows up to 25 m in height, the trunk diameter can reach 80 cm. Amaranth is distinguished by a very unusual, complex weave of fibers, they are located randomly, each time forming a unique pattern on the cut.

Fresh wood has a gray-brown hue, over time it transforms, acquiring one of the following tones:

• black;
• Red;
• purple;
• deep purple.

Besides, it is easy to process and has a long service life. Amaranth is used to make pieces of furniture and interior decor.

A gigantic breed of mahogany found in the countries of Southeast Asia. Keruing grows up to 60 m, the maximum trunk diameter reaches 2 meters. On the saw cut, the wood has all shades of beige with a reddish tint and interspersed with crimson, scarlet shades. Keruing is highly regarded by cabinetmakers who specialize in the manufacture of exclusive pieces of furniture. The material contains rubber resins, which provide it with special moisture resistance.

Flat cuts (slabs) are used to create spliced ​​worktops from one single piece. The original wood grain looks good without additional treatment, but a protective coating is still recommended to protect against excessive resin build-up.

This name is known for the wood found in the humid forests of Southeast Asia. The saw cut has a uniform golden-orange tint without noticeable color changes. Teak is durable, it is often used in the manufacture of ships, is not afraid of contact with moisture, sunlight.Teak, also known as tektona greata, belongs to deciduous trees, reaches up to 40 m in height, while the trunk itself is less than 1 m in diameter.

Today, this wood is obtained through cultivation under plantation conditions, mainly in Indonesia. This is where most of the material for export is produced. In its natural environment, it is still found in Myanmar, new plantations are actively developing in South America, which is climatically similar to Southeast Asia.

The material contains silicon that can blunt tools during processing, and due to the high concentration of essential oils, it does not require additional protective treatment. Interestingly, a wild-growing tree is more resistant to discoloration under the influence of sunlight than a plantation-grown one.

The wood known by this name is obtained at once from several plant species of the genus Pterocarpus. Red sandalwood is also included here, but African, Burmese or Andaman paduk is much more often used to obtain valuable raw materials. They are all related to each other, found in Zaire, Nigeria, Cameroon, where there are tropical rainforests.

Paduk grows from 20 to 40 m in height, the trunk has a pronounced cylindrical shape, covered with peeling bark of a red-brown hue.

Paduk wood has a number of features that have to be taken into account when processing.

1. Light sensitivity. In the sun, the material burns out, loses its original brightness.
2. Sensitivity to alcohol treatment. The material contains natural dyes, which dissolve upon such exposure.
3. Difficulty in the manufacture of bent parts. The twisted structure significantly complicates the planing of wood; it can break when bending.
4. Increased porosity. It reduces the decorative effect of the material.

Paduk is often compared to another valuable species - rosewood, but it is much inferior to this tree in originality and expressiveness.

A valuable species of mahogany, growing only in Australia and some regions of Southeast Asia. Merbau is distinguished by a uniform color of the saw cut. Harvested wood can have the following shades:

• red brown;
• beige;
• chocolate;
• Brown.

The structure contains pronounced contrasting streaks of a golden tone.

This type of mahogany is considered one of the most common, widely used in furniture production, interior decoration, less valuable types of materials are covered with veneer.

A representative of the genus Pterocarpus, it is found on the island of Ceylon, as well as in the tropical parts of East Asia. With a relatively low height of 7-8 m, the trunk diameter reaches 150 cm. The tree is characterized by very slow growth. Red sandalwood belongs to legumes, but bears little resemblance to them, and it is distinguished from ordinary sandalwood by the absence of a characteristic aroma arising from the resin content.

Pterocarpus with sandalwood is mentioned in ancient Chinese manuscripts. The natural dye contained in its trunks is sometimes isolated to give a scarlet hue to fabrics and other materials.

Mahogany is found on many continents, it is harvested in the form of solid trunks, as well as their radial slices - slabs. Outside the places of growth, the material is sent already processed. Usually, the trunks are sawn into timber and edged boards, but among the craftsmen, slabs are especially valued, which, even in their raw form, have a rare beauty of the pattern. They are used to make tabletops, as well as exclusive, luxurious interior items.

Sawed longitudinally, in the direction of growth of the trunk, the wood also has a beautiful pattern. Each breed has its own, may be present:

• patterns;
• nodes;
• stripes;
• specks.

Furniture items of particular value are made from mahogany.

The surface of the wood lends itself well to finishing. It is covered with carvings, varnished, polished, subjected to other influences that make it possible to give even greater decorativeness, to more clearly show the unusualness of the ornament.

In addition to furniture production, there are other areas where mahogany is used.

• Making musical instruments. Valuable wood species give them a special sound. That is why they are used to create violin decks, pianos and harps.

• Shipbuilding. The salons of yachts and boats are trimmed with mahogany, deck coverings and outer skin are made from it.

• Interior decoration. Sheathing of a part of the wall with mahogany panels, making unusual panels in ethnic style, inlaid and artistic parquet. In any of these areas, the mahogany is second to none.

• Elements of architecture. In construction, columns, balustrades, and stairs are made of mahogany.

Unique material is more expensive than ordinary wood. But mahogany has many advantages that make it a desirable purchase for most craftsmen.

In this video, you will take a closer look at the exotic paduk tree.