Sweet cherry Olenka

Sweet cherry Olenka
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Fruit shape: obtuse or cordate, laterally compressed
  • Foliage: good
  • Peduncle: length 25-35 mm, thickness 1 mm
  • Authors: AND I. Voronchikhina (Rossoshanskaya zonal experimental gardening station)
  • Appeared when crossing: Leningrad Black x Valery Chkalov
  • Growth type: vigorous
  • Appointment: for fresh consumption
  • Crown: broadly oval or round, of medium density
  • Escapes: straight, greenish in the shade, greenish-brown in the sun, with a slight silvery tint at the base, small lentils
  • Sheet: elongated oval or elongated obovate, pointed, leathery, dark green above, glabrous, slightly glossy, slightly concave, grayish green below, slightly pubescent
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Early varieties of sweet cherries are in special demand among summer residents and farmers when choosing a variety for cultivation. The list of popular and many favorite varieties includes Olenka cherry of domestic selection.

Breeding history

Olenka is an early variety that appeared at the Rossoshansk zonal experimental gardening station. The author of the variety is the well-known breeder A. Ya. Voronchikhina. The varieties Leningradskaya Black and Valery Chkalov were used as parental forms for crossing. In 1995, the stone fruit culture was accepted for state testing. The variety is zoned in the Central Black Earth region. Cherry Olenka is massively grown in the Belgorod and Voronezh regions.

Description of the variety

The deer is a vigorous tree that grows up to 5 meters in height in a healthy environment. Cherry has a rounded or broadly oval crown of good thickening with dark green leaves, upright shoots of greenish-brown color and moderate branching.

The tree blooms early - in the first week of May. During this period, the crown is densely covered with voluminous snow-white flowers, turning pink by the end of flowering. Flowers are neatly collected in inflorescences of 2-3 pieces. It is due to the incredible beauty during flowering that the tree is called fruit and ornamental.

Fruit characteristics

Sweet cherry has an attractive presentation. Large-fruited berries are characterized by a heart-shaped or blunt-hearted shape with a noticeable compression on the sides. A healthy tree grows berries weighing more than 7 grams (7.3 g). Ripe cherries are beautifully colored dark red, almost black, without subcutaneous dots. The skin of the berries is of medium density, smooth, without edges, with a clear gloss. The abdominal suture is poorly expressed.

The cherries stick on an elongated stalk, from which they break off without damaging the skin of the berries. Preserving the integrity of the berries allows them to be transported over long distances, as well as stored in a cool place for 5-6 days. The purpose of cherries is universal - they are eaten fresh, used in cooking (baked goods, compotes), canned, processed into jam, marmalade, and also frozen.

Taste qualities

Olenka is famous for its incredible taste. The dark red flesh with light veins has a tender, fleshy, moderately firm and juicy flesh. The berry has a noble and balanced taste - pleasant sweetness goes well with cool sourness. Dark cherry juice has a rich and thick flavor. The large bone is easily separated from the pulp.

Ripening and fruiting

The cherry is early ripe.The tree gives its first harvest in the 4-5th year after planting. The berries ripen together, so fruiting is not prolonged. The active maturation phase begins in mid-June and lasts 5-7 days.

After planting the seedlings, it will take a long time before you can see the first berries on the tree. The first flowering occurs only in the fourth year of the tree's life. At this time, the tree produces only a small number of flowers. In the fifth year, you can already expect more active flowering and the first, albeit small, harvest. A decent harvest can be harvested for 6-7 years.

Yield

The yield indicators for the sweet cherry variety Olenka are good. On average, 27-40 kg of berries can be removed from one tree per season. The maximum yield was noted at 44 kg.

Self-fertility and the need for pollinators

The variety is self-fertile, so you should think about planting donor trees. Pollinating varieties with similar flowering times are considered optimally productive. In addition, cherry trees with early flowering will be beneficial. The distance between plantings should be 3-4 meters.

Growing and care

It is recommended to plant a cherry tree in the spring (before the growing season). The plot is chosen flat, without lowlands and swampiness, cleared of weeds. You need to plant a seedling in the southeastern or southwestern part so that the tree is light and warm. Do not forget about protection from drafts and cold winds. It is also important to remember that Olenka cherries are voluminous and require a lot of space.

Intensive agricultural technology includes the following procedures: regular watering, application of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers, loosening and weeding of the soil, sanitary pruning of branches, crown formation, disease prevention, and preparation of the tree for winter.

Sweet cherries are planted in a sunny and well-protected place from the wind. The soil should be fertile, loose and moisture-permeable. There are two options for planting cherries - spring and autumn. The first option is the most preferred and is suitable for all growing regions. In the southern regions, planting can be carried out in the fall.
One of the benefits of grafting a tree is to restore overgrown plants, improve the taste of the fruit, and adapt southern varieties to cool climates. If you follow all the recommendations of experts, you can strengthen the immune system of cherries, and it will be more resistant to pests and diseases.
In order to harvest a rich and tasty cherry crop every year, you need to properly care for it. Timely watering is one of the essential steps in care. The rate of watering a cherry tree directly depends on how dry and hot the weather is, and on the amount of precipitation. Basically, cherries need to be watered about 3-5 times per season, depending on the weather conditions in your area.
One of the most important agrotechnical measures in the cultivation of sweet cherry is correct and timely pruning. Correct pruning eliminates the consumption of nutrients for infertile shoots, so more trace elements are sent to the fruiting branches. This process increases the quality and quantity of the harvest.

Disease and pest resistance

The variety has a high immune system. Sweet cherry practically never undergoes moniliosis and coccomycosis. It is extremely rare for a tree to suffer from spotting, brown rot and scab.

When caring for cherries, you need to carry out timely protection against various pests and pathogens. Depending on the cause and nature of the course, all cherry diseases can be conditionally divided into several categories - infectious and non-infectious. Each category of diseases provides for its own plan and method of treatment, the use of certain drugs and folk remedies.

Requirements for soil and climatic conditions

Olenka is characterized by moderate frost resistance, so it is not grown in regions with severe winters. In addition, the tree grows easily in heat and short drought. Long-term shading and excess moisture are negatively reflected in the development of sweet cherry.

It is most comfortable for a tree to grow on loam, sandy loam, chernozem and sod-podzolic soils with deep groundwater flow. The soil should be fluffy, breathable, fertile, moisturized, with low acidity.

Self-cultivation of sweet cherries is a complicated process. It is important to follow all the necessary subtleties and techniques for the fruit tree to take root. There are several ways to propagate cherries: grafting on another tree, cuttings, growing from a stone, propagation by root shoots or layering.
Main characteristics
Authors
AND I. Voronchikhina (Rossoshanskaya zonal experimental gardening station)
Appeared when crossing
Leningrad Black x Valery Chkalov
Appointment
for fresh consumption
Average yield
27.3 kg / wood
Maximum yield
44 kg / wood
Marketability
high
Wood
Growth type
vigorous
Crown
broadly oval or round, medium density
Escapes
straight, greenish in the shade, greenish-brown in the sun, with a slight silvery tint at the base, small lentils
Foliage
good
Sheet
elongated-oval or elongated-obovate, pointed, leathery, dark green above, naked, slightly glossy, slightly concave, grayish-green below, slightly pubescent
Flowers
large, white, slightly pink towards the end of flowering
Number of flowers per inflorescence
2-3
Fruit
Fruit size
large
Fruit size, mm
24 x 22 x 20
Fruit weight, g
7,3
Fruit shape
obtuse or cordate, laterally compressed
Fruit color
dark red, almost black when fully ripe
Peduncle
length 25-35 mm, thickness 1 mm
Pulp color
dark red, with light streaks
Pulp (consistency)
medium density, moderately juicy
Fruit taste
sweet with a little acidity, pleasant noble aftertaste
Juice color
Dark red
Bone size
large
Bone weight, g
0,62
Detachment of fruits
dry at full maturity, slightly unripe fruits produce juice
Fruit tasting
4.7-4.9 points (sometimes 4-4.2 points)
Growing
Self-fertility
self-infertile
Winter hardiness
good (1.2 points)
Growing regions
Central Black Earth
Coccomycosis resistance
high
Resistance to moniliosis
high
Maturation
Early maturity
4-5 years after planting
Ripening terms
early
Fruiting period
at the beginning of the second decade of June
Reviews
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