Cherry Donetsk coal

Cherry Donetsk coal
The main characteristics of the variety:
  • Pruning: vertical shoots and crown tops
  • Fruit shape: rounded, slightly flattened
  • Peduncle: medium length and thickness
  • Authors: L.I. Taranenko (Donetsk Experimental Station)
  • Appeared when crossing: Drogana yellow x Valery Chkalov
  • Year of approval: 1995
  • Growth type: vigorous
  • Appointment: universal
  • Yield: good
  • Crown: round, medium density
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Among the many cherry varieties, there is a list of the varieties most beloved by gardeners and farmers. Among such cherries is Donetsk coal, which has absorbed all the most positive characteristics.

Breeding history

Donetsk coal is a bright representative of Ukrainian selection, created at the Artyomovsk experimental station (Donetsk region) in 1956. The author of the late cherry variety is the well-known breeder Lilia Taranenko. The parental forms of sweet cherries are Drogana yellow and Valery Chkalov. The variety is productively cultivated in the North Caucasus, in the Crimea and in the Krasnodar Territory.

Description of the variety

The Ukrainian cherry is a medium-sized tree with a neat rounded crown, which is moderately thickened with emerald green leaves. In a favorable environment, a cherry tree grows up to 3-3.5 meters in height. At the initial stage of life, the tree grows rapidly, so by 4-5 years the crown is completely formed.

Flowering is observed from early April to early May, depending on the region. Flowering lasts about 3 weeks. At this time, the spherical crown is densely covered with single or triple pinkish-cream flowers, which emit an incredibly sweet aroma. Due to its beauty during flowering, the tree is rightfully considered decorative.

Fruit characteristics

Donetsk coal is a large-fruited variety. Berries grow on the tree weighing 8-9 grams. The shape of the cherries is round, with flattened sides, which are a bit like hearts. Ripe berries are evenly covered with a dark red color with a smooth and shiny surface. The peel of the fruit is of medium density, good protection against cracking. However, 20% of cherries can crack during ripening only if they are excessively damp and rainy. The abdominal suture is weak.

Cherry keeps on a thickened stalk, pulling dry. That is why the berries can be transported over long distances, as well as stored for a long time in a cool place. The purpose of the variety is universal - cherries are eaten fresh, canned, processed into jams, juices, drinks, they make preparations, and are widely used in cooking.

Taste qualities

Donetsk coal - has excellent taste and marketability. The pink-red flesh is characterized by a fleshy, tender, moderately firm and slightly cartilaginous structure, complemented by good juiciness. The taste of the fruit is dominated by sweetness, which is perfectly combined with a piquant sourness in the aftertaste. Cherry juice is thick, rich, not darkening even after processing. The rounded stone inside the berry is easily separated from the pulp.

Ripening and fruiting

Ukrainian cherries represent the category of late-ripening varieties. The first harvest can be obtained in the 4th-5th year after planting a one-year-old seedling. Sweet cherries do not ripen at the same time, so the harvest period is delayed by 10-14 days and takes place in several stages. The peak of active ripening of berries begins in mid-July. Fruiting of the variety is annual.

After planting the seedlings, it will take a long time before you can see the first berries on the tree. The first flowering occurs only in the fourth year of the tree's life. At this time, the tree produces only a small number of flowers.In the fifth year, you can already expect more active flowering and the first, albeit small, harvest. A decent harvest can be harvested for 6-7 years.

Yield

The yield of the variety is high, growing over the years. With proper care and favorable weather conditions, on which the yield indicator directly depends, an average of 45-50 kg of berries can be obtained from one tree. The maximum yield indicators are as follows - from 80 to 100 kg per tree. As a rule, the most bountiful harvests are given by 10-12 year old trees.

Self-fertility and the need for pollinators

The variety is self-fertile, requiring donor trees. For cross-pollination, varieties with the same flowering time are suitable. The following types of cherries are considered productive - Valery Chkalov, Aelita, Donchanka, Yaroslavna, Drogana yellow, Annushka, Valeria, Donetsk beauty. Usually 2-3 pollinating trees are planted on the site.

Growing and care

A cherry tree is planted in spring or autumn. To do this, choose a flat area where there is a lot of sun and light, but there is protection from wind and draft. It is best to plant a two-year-old seedling on a small hill, where there is no stagnation of moisture, harmful to the root system.

Sweet cherries are undemanding to care for, however, the main procedures need to be carried out: watering, fertilizing, weeding and plowing the soil, forming a crown, removing dry branches, thinning, preventing diseases and preparing for winter.

Sweet cherries are planted in a sunny and well-protected place from the wind. The soil should be fertile, loose and moisture-permeable. There are two options for planting cherries - spring and autumn. The first option is the most preferred and is suitable for all growing regions. In the southern regions, planting can be carried out in the fall.
One of the benefits of grafting a tree is to restore overgrown plants, improve the taste of the fruit, and adapt southern varieties to cool climates. If you follow all the recommendations of experts, you can strengthen the immune system of cherries, and it will be more resistant to pests and diseases.
In order to harvest a rich and tasty cherry crop every year, you need to properly care for it. Timely watering is one of the essential steps in care. The rate of watering a cherry tree directly depends on how dry and hot the weather is, and on the amount of precipitation. Basically, cherries need to be watered about 3-5 times per season, depending on the weather conditions in your area.
One of the most important agrotechnical measures in the cultivation of sweet cherry is correct and timely pruning. Correct pruning eliminates the consumption of nutrients for infertile shoots, so more trace elements are sent to the fruiting branches. This process increases the quality and quantity of the harvest.

Disease and pest resistance

The immune system of the stone fruit culture is high. The tree perfectly resists fungi, does not undergo coccomycosis and moniliosis. In addition, cherries practically do not attract pests.

When caring for cherries, you need to carry out timely protection against various pests and pathogens. Depending on the cause and nature of the course, all cherry diseases can be conditionally divided into several categories - infectious and non-infectious. Each category of diseases provides for its own plan and method of treatment, the use of certain drugs and folk remedies.

Requirements for soil and climatic conditions

Sweet cherry loves a lot of light, warmth and sun. The culture is characterized by moderate frost resistance, as well as resistance to prolonged drought. The tree grows comfortably in loose, nutritious, moisture and breathable soils.

Self-cultivation of sweet cherries is a complicated process. It is important to follow all the necessary subtleties and techniques for the fruit tree to take root. There are several ways to propagate cherries: grafting on another tree, cuttings, growing from a stone, propagation by root shoots or layering.
Main characteristics
Authors
L.I. Taranenko (Donetsk Experimental Station)
Appeared when crossing
Drogana yellow x Valery Chkalov
Year of approval
1995
Appointment
universal
Yield
good
Average yield
45-50 kg / wood
Maximum yield
80-100 kg / wood
Wood
Growth type
vigorous
Crown
round, medium density
Sheet
large, oval-ovate, intense green, serrated
Fruit
Fruit size
large
Fruit weight, g
8-9
Fruit shape
rounded, slightly flattened
Fruit color
dark red
Peduncle
medium length and thickness
Pulp color
pink-red
Pulp (consistency)
very dense, cartilaginous
Bone size
average
Separability of the bone from the pulp
good
Detachment of fruits
dry
Fruit composition
dry substances - 19-24%, sugars - 12-15%, acids - 0.5-0.9%, ascorbic acid - 8-18 mg / 100 g
Fruit tasting
4 points
Growing
Winter hardiness
above the average
Drought tolerance
above the average
Pruning
vertical shoots and crown tops
Growing regions
North Caucasian
Disease and pest resistance
good
Coccomycosis resistance
high
Maturation
Early maturity
for 4-5 years
Ripening terms
late
Reviews
There are no reviews.
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