Variants of joining timber in corners

"The new is the well-forgotten old." This proverb is best suited to the fashion trends of the XXI century. Once upon a time, houses were built not from bricks and concrete blocks, but from logs. Now it has again become fashionable to build country houses and summer cottages of semi-antique wood, while inside the houses the most modern furnishings, interior and equipment are being set up. There are a lot of materials for the construction of such houses, the main thing is to correctly connect the corners of the structure. The whole technology of joining the timber is controlled by GOST 30974-2002.

Before starting work with a bar, it is necessary to understand two basic requirements. First - the reliability of the reinforced beam. Second - impermeability of the beams installed and connected in the corners. Everything is very simple: if the timber is not securely installed, then the walls will loosen and eventually collapse, because the structure of a wooden house is supported not only by horizontal, but also by vertical walls.

The reliability of the beam is also determined by the drying of the wood (up to 20%). Correct drying increases the load-bearing capacity when exposed to external factors. It is forbidden to use a timber with mechanical damage and natural crevices, as water will stagnate in these intervals. Blown corners are one of the signs of a poor-quality installation. If the cutting is done incorrectly and not according to the technology, then this moment cannot be avoided.

According to GOST data, the following timber thickness is used for the construction of buildings: 100, 150, 200, 250 mm. It is chosen depending on the parameters of the desired building. If a one-story house is being built, and subsequently it is planned to insulate the walls, then you need to choose a thickness of 150 mm. For taller buildings, rigidity and stability of the structure is required, and for this, a bar with a section of 200x200 mm is used.

Before proceeding with the construction of the building, decide on the size of the bar... If a summer cottage is being built, it is enough to use an ordinary planed beam, which is dried in a natural way. For the construction of a house in which they will live all year round, it is better to use a profiled beam. It must be dried mechanically.

The connection of the bar with the remainder leads to a high consumption of material, but it is much more reliable than the connection without the remainder. This method was used in ancient times in Russia. At the mention of the Russian hut, a small building with corners connected to the remnant appears in front of your eyes. With this connection, the timber protrudes beyond the frame.

The connection of the corners of the bar with the remainder is called the connection into the bowl. The timber is assembled into a bowl thanks to several types of corner locks:

• one-sided;
• bilateral;
• four-sided.

When the beam is held together unilaterally, it has a small cut across, in the form of a groove. The size of the groove is equal to the size of the upper bar, and the thickness is half of the same bar. This connection method is used with all types of material.

With double-sided fastening, cuts are made both in the lower and in the upper beam, while the thickness of the cut is equal to a quarter of the thickness of the log house. The length and thickness of the groove is equal to the width of the bar. Such grooves must be cut by specialists, because high precision cuts are required here.

Four-way fastening involves making cuts on all four sides of the bar... The length and thickness are equal to the width of the beam, and the depth is 1/4 of the thickness of the bar. Such fastening maximally strengthens the structure.

When joining the timber without a remainder, smooth butt edges are obtained. There are three types of connection without a remainder:

• butt;
• keyed;
• spike.

Consider the features of all three subspecies.

The simplest option is the butt fasteners of the profiled bar. Here joining takes place using steel spike blocks or staples. The quality of the tightness of the connection is influenced by the quality of the groove processing. The surface of this groove must be perfect. But even with high-quality processing, such an angle is not very strong in sealing and is under regular stress.

When using the keyway method for fixing the timber, the hardwood and wood gasket... After the timber has been laid in this groove, the key fixes it and does not allow the structure to move. This fastener is the most common type of connection.

With the spike method of connection, a groove is cut out at the end of the bar, and a spike is formed at the end of the second bar with which the connection will take place. For proper connection, the two beams touch at a 90 degree angle. The more spines and grooves, the stronger the structure.

When the beams are placed in the groove, they must be put in the same place. linen-jute liner. This liner seals the corner of the frame and increases thermal insulation. Additionally, wooden pins are driven into each installed beam (they are also called dowels), which gives additional strength to the fastening. There are two types of dowels: cylindrical and square. The more common type is cylindrical, as it prevents partial wall settlement. Square is cheaper to manufacture, but weaker in breakage. These fasteners are made from hardwoods, for example, birch.

For the stability of a timber structure, it is necessary to use different types of fasteners... The price of such products is low, which allows you to save money. The assortment is so diverse that you can easily find the ideal mounting option. Working with fasteners does not require expensive tools or special professionalism. It is enough just to attach the part to the attachment point, and then screw it on with a self-tapping screw and a screwdriver.

The advantage of such mounts is the service life... They are processed with special materials that allow them to withstand harsh conditions without any problems. When fastening the beams, you do not have to make any cuts and cuts, which preserves the maximum strength of the wooden product. Let's consider some options for fasteners.

Plates make it possible to fasten elements that are in the same plane. They allow you to splicate and lengthen different parts of the wood. Holes for fasteners in plates are of several diameters, which allows them to be attached with different types of screws, nails and self-tapping screws.

The metal connecting corner is another type of fastener. This type is intended for fixing beams at an angle. The fixing holes on the corner pieces are symmetrically positioned, which allows two beams to be fastened with the same load. The connecting corners have different sizes, therefore, with their help, beams are connected even 150x150 mm and more.

It is advisable to use such subspecies in places where high rigidity of fastening is required, as well as where the connection will deform over time. You can connect products not only at an angle of 90 degrees.There are also metal corner brackets that attach bars at 135 degrees, various asymmetric pieces, Z-patterns, and more.

Supports and holders provide the ability to fix the beams to the wall without cutting a groove. This simplifies the work and saves the contractor's time. The elements of the holder can fasten the beams at any angle, which allows you to very quickly do rafter work. Shield - This is a kind of flat-shaped product. It is important that its thickness is less than its width and length. There are two types of shields:

• solid;
• frame.

The shield consists of a frame, which must be joined together from all sides in different ways (glued together, connected at the corners with thorns). Frame gaps are filled with filets or veneered on both sides with plywood. Examples of a shield are timber frame, frame, panel.

To prepare the beams for installation, it is initially necessary correctly cut the cross-section for the connection... There are four types of template: no. 50, no. 80, no. 120, no. 160. When choosing a template, they are guided by the width of the timber. Each template provides a specific range of cant widths that you can work with. A logical and reasonable solution would be to choose a template to increase the strength of the supporting structure. A beam of small width requires a small section. Larger dimensions will therefore require larger grooves. The height of the groove, depending on the selected template, can be from 90 to 300 mm.

Templates also differ in series. Series B Are templates with fixed supports at 90 degrees. The template is used for the perpendicular connection of the groove of the beams. The N series are templates with inclined supports at 50, 90 and -50 degrees. They are used for straight and angled connections.

When used in the construction of timber, buildings will need internal partitions... Framed partitions are usually built from a rack, rail and sheathing. The racks are made of bars or boards, and their cross section depends on the size of the partition. Basically, the size of the racks is 50x100 mm. It all starts with strapping the boards to which the rack will be attached. These boards are nailed from both sides to the ceiling and floor. After that, at a distance of 40 to 120 mm, racks are installed, secured with nails or thorns. The result is a structure ready for sheathing.

Having decided to build a house or a summer cottage from a bar, you can get an environmentally friendly building. Subject to the rules and construction technologies, it will be cool in summer and warm in winter. A bathhouse made of wooden beams is an ideal way to get a building in a few days.

The following video shows options for connecting the timber in the corners.