What is the difference between a bathhouse and a sauna?

There are many varieties of all kinds of baths and saunas in the world. In Russia, the bathhouse was considered a faithful helper, relieving many ailments. In Japan, it is called "furo". There are many opinions about which of the baths is most useful for a person, since in most cultures it has become the embodiment of certain traditions, which have their own rituals and ways of warming up and rejuvenating the body.

The Russian bath is a separate building made of coniferous wood with a dressing room and a steam room. The stove is made of bricks and cast iron.

The Finnish sauna has many types of steam rooms:

• sauna tent;
• barrel sauna;
• forest sauna;
• earthen sauna.

The Finnish steam room is easily installed in the apartment; wood is used for the construction - cedar or aspen. Unlike a bath, there is always a shower here.

The largest steam room is located in the Turkish Baths, since it includes a technical room, rooms with different heating levels and a dressing room. Steam is supplied with a hot air pipe. The walls are filled with water pipes. Water boilers produce steam and fall through small holes into the steam room.

Each culture, where there is a traditional bath or sauna, has unique features of conducting healing procedures, but they are carried out according to a similar method that unites them: thanks to steam, slags and other toxic substances and decay products are excreted from the body through the sweat glands. And high temperatures destroy the molecular structure of pathogens, which die as a result.

In addition to the effectiveness of baths and saunas in terms of health improvement, they also give pleasure from a kind of pastime, relaxation and rest, which, in turn, has a healing effect on the psychological health of visitors.

Previously, both baths and saunas were heated with wood and coal, modern options have undergone some changes due to technological progress. Although Russian baths are still heated with wood, most modern saunas have electric heaters. In saunas, the heater works in this way: the stones are inside the stove and are closed by a door.

When it is necessary to increase the temperature, it is opened and water is poured onto the hot cobblestones, steam is generated due to the evaporation of water and the door is closed again. The heat in the room depends on the level of incandescence of the stones. The stones have good properties to keep warm for a long time, and a closed sash only enhances this effect.

There is a Turkish version of the sauna where the humidity is around 100% at a temperature of 45 ° C. The German bath differs from the Russian one in that it is not divided into women and men. Usually the room is divided into zones - one contains pools and slides, the other contains steam rooms. The latter contains both men and women at the same time. The stones in the German steam room are watered, additionally using essential oils.

The main difference between a steam bath and a sauna is steam. Due to the difference in the arrangement of stones, in the first case it will be wet, in the second it will be dry. This difference is very easy to feel, as well as to see the difference in this indicator by comparing the humidity level in two rooms: in the bath it varies within 40-70%, in the sauna the optimal value is 6-8%.

In saunas, the normal temperature is 50-70 ° C, in a sauna it should not be lower than 90 ° C. Due to the low level of humidity in the steam room, it is easily tolerated by humans, except in cases where there are contraindications for health reasons.

The functionality of the steam room directly depends on its competent organization in both rooms. The bath also differs from the sauna in the way the room is ventilated. The ventilation device in the latter is carried out inside and outside at the same pressure. In the baths, excessive pressure is formed, due to which steam is formed.

The difference in pressure level favors the formation of light steam, in turn, the risk of heating the air to too high a level is reduced. The hottest steam accumulates at the top, due to which the vaping process is more intense on the high bench.

The use of a broom is the fundamental difference between the Russian bath. It has a wonderful aroma, which is only enhanced by moisture. And massage with a warm broom is not limited only to a relaxing effect, since the beneficial components contained in the plant, when patted, penetrate through the open pores into the tissues, where they begin to work as strengthening and healing compounds. Of course, the quality of the raw materials from which the broom was made for the bath remains important.

There are several varieties of this integral attribute of the Russian steam room.

• Oak broom - its main property is the ability to release tannins under the influence of high temperatures. It is recommended for visitors with various skin problems, as it has a beneficial effect on it. In addition, the phytoncides contained in the bark of the tree have a strengthening effect aimed at the nervous system and blood vessels.
• Birch broom allows tannins and flavonoids, which the tree is rich in, to penetrate under the skin. Birch leaves stick to the body, actively absorbing toxins and toxins released through the pores under the influence of temperature and the massage effect from patting the skin with a broom. A broom made of such material is advised to be used in a Russian bath for people suffering from various respiratory diseases, as well as for smokers with experience.

• Broom collected from nettle leaves, - a device for experienced and determined people. The plant contains a large amount of formic acid.
• Currant broom are made from early shoots of this bush. It is recommended for people with flu and colds.
• Coniferous brooms, which are collected from cedar, spruce or fir, have wound healing properties and have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are advised to be used for severe coughs. In addition, pine needles improve mood and have a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

For the manufacture of bath brooms, linden, eucalyptus, maple and mountain ash branches are often taken.Experienced bath attendants make combined brooms that have a complex effect on a person.

The Finnish sauna does not involve the use of any brooms, because when exposed to dry steam, they will simply disintegrate. Sometimes connoisseurs of this device use a broom in the dressing room of the Finnish steam room - the effect of such an application will be much worse.

Russian baths do not provide for the presence of pools, they are usually built near natural reservoirs or they use cold water pouring from a bucket. And swimming in the ice-hole after the bath in winter is a traditional and primordially Russian occupation, as a result of which there is an extreme temperature drop, a lot of adrenaline is emitted, which also contributes to the rejuvenation of the body and getting maximum pleasure.

The main function of the bath is to ensure the heating of the whole organism, due to which the elimination of toxins and toxins will take place. This process consists in perspiration, with which harmful accumulations evaporate through the skin.

Too much heating is fraught with a shock state of the tissues. Therefore, gentle sauna conditions are many times preferable compared to higher sauna temperatures. Due to the milder heat, heating in the bath occurs gradually, which eliminates the risk of arrhythmia or vascular spasms. Such a scheme makes it possible to obtain a health-improving effect from the bath, even for those visitors who have problems with high blood pressure and heart disease. The Russian bath is an ideal place for the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs, due to its visit, the volume of the lungs increases and the mucous membrane is regenerated.

But a number of positive nuances are inherent in the Finnish sauna - in a state of stress, all vital systems of the body are activated, as a result of which the maximum sweating begins. For people with poor health, visiting the sauna is contraindicated, since the humidity level and temperature in the steam room remain the same. Hot and dry air can provoke attacks of suffocating coughs, as well as drying out of the mucous membranes.

The sauna room and its dry heat have a beneficial effect on the healing process in case of diseases of the genitourinary system, liver diseases. It is strongly discouraged to visit the sauna for patients with tuberculosis, nervous disorders and hypertension.

Among the differences, one can single out the behavior of visitors in the bathhouse and sauna. In the first case, the pastime is more active in the steam room, since the massage is carried out with the help of a broom, you need to pour water over the stones from time to time and apply steam, and in the sauna you can just sit or lie on a shelf.

It is not recommended to stay in a Russian bath for more than 15 minutes at a time. To let the body cool down, you need to leave the room for 5-10 minutes. In the Finnish steam room, they spend up to 10 minutes with half an hour breaks in visits. The number of visits should not be more than 3 times. In the Turkish bath you can take a steam bath for several hours.

Personal preferences should be taken into account when choosing between different steam room options. Of course, human health plays an important role here. The bath is many times preferable when the issue is considered from the point of view of healing activities.However, due to the constant improvement of technology, procedures in the sauna have become available, since there are alternative heating devices with which a sauna in a home is easily equipped.

A Russian bath can only be built in a private house, where there is a place for such a building in the yard. A sauna does not necessarily need a large area, it can be very compact. The construction of a bath requires a certain surface and foundation with the obligatory thermal insulation of the room.

The main task in the construction of a sauna or bath is the arrangement of the stove and ventilation. However, in the option of arranging a sauna for a home, you can limit yourself to using a gas or electric heater. The construction of a sauna involves a sewer supply, since it will have a pool, although a regular shower is quite suitable for home use.

For what a bath is and how it differs from a sauna, see the next video.