- Authors: A.F. Kolesnikova, E.N. Dzhigadlo, Yu.I. Khabarov, A.A. Gulyaeva, I.N. Ryapolova (All-Russian Research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops)
- Year of approval: 2006
- Tree height, m: 3-4
- Escapes: brown, naked, yellow
- Flowers: medium, white
- Fruit weight, g: 33-40
- Fruit shape: flat, round-ovoid
- Skin : smooth, slightly pubescent
- Fruit color: yellow with small carmine dots on 1/4 of the surface
- Pulp color : yellow
For a long time it was believed that the apricot is such a fruit tree, which is mainly distributed in the southern territories. But today, thanks to the emergence of new varieties that are resistant to various natural factors, this crop began to be grown in the central regions, in the Urals and even in Siberia. The Orlovchanin variety is one of such representatives.
Breeding history
This apricot variety was developed in the early 2000s. A whole team of employees of the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection of Fruit Crops (based near Orel) worked on its creation: A.F. Kolesnikova, E.N. Dzhigadlo, Yu.I. Khabarov, as well as A.A.Gulyaeva and I.N.Ryapolova. to create such a culture specifically for cultivation in the Central Black Earth Region, namely in such areas as:
- Voronezh;
- Kursk;
- Orlovskaya;
- Tambov;
- Lipetsk.
Subsequently, experiments were carried out on growing in Siberia, where the culture showed good resistance to low temperature indicators. In 2006, Orlovchanin was included in the lists of the State Register of the Russian Federation.
Description of the variety
Apricot trees of the described culture differ in average growth rates, reaching 3-4 m. The crown is highly branched, spreading and slightly raised. Smooth branches are colored brown. The leaves are large, ovoid, their surface is smooth. Two-centimeter 5-petal flowers, the color is snow-white, and the middle is yellow.
Fruit characteristics
Apricots are round and in some cases oval. Painted in a yellow tone, on some specimens there is a slight reddish bloom. The fruits are slightly pubescent. Size 30.6 mm in height, 32.4 mm in diameter. The weight of one apricot is from 33 to 40 g. Inside there is a mealy pulp, it is bright yellow, there are no hard veins, the stone is removed from the fruit quite easily.
Taste qualities
The taste of Orlovchanin's fruits is noted as sweet and sour, pleasant. The universal product is suitable for a variety of purposes: fresh apricots are eaten, canned, jam and jams are made from them, drinks are made, and used for various desserts. And also the fruits can be dried, this will greatly increase their shelf life.
Ripening and fruiting
The variety belongs to crops with an average ripening period. Most of the harvest ripens by the end of July. The apricot begins to bear fruit for 3 seasons after the planting of the seedling.
Yield
Productivity is high; gardeners harvest 20–60 kg of ripe apricots from each tree. As for commercial cultivation, the recorded average yield is 146.5 c / ha, and the maximum is 166.5 c / ha.
Self-fertility and the need for pollinators
Orlovchanin is a partially self-fertile variety.Therefore, to ensure a high yield, it is better to plant such apricot varieties as, for example, Mlievsky early, Tsunami, Airlie Orange, Pineapple, Kyoto, Gold Rich, or others with the same flowering time as Orlovchanin.
Growing and care
In the south of the country, the Orlovchanin variety can be planted both in spring and autumn. In the middle lane, pre-winter planting is better, but only so that at least a month remains before the first cold snap, and the tree has time to adapt. Apricot Orlovchanin will suit a corner on a site well-lit by the sun, since the culture does not tolerate shading, even partial shade.
It is better to choose a light drained soil for this tree, the most suitable is slightly acidic: sandy loam or loam. It is very important to prevent the likelihood of flooding, therefore, it is necessary to control the occurrence of groundwater so that it is located farther from the root system of the apricot. And also experienced farmers advise not to place a tree near currants and raspberries, apple trees and conifers will be unwanted neighbors.
In the spring, the tree is pruned, both dried branches and dried bark are removed. Every couple of years Orlovchanin regulates the top, limiting growth and stimulating shoots. Residents of Orlov require regular irrigation. There are periods when it is needed:
- in April - before the start of flowering;
- in May, watering is carried out twice: when the ovaries appear, and when the fruits are formed.
The culture responds well to feeding. In the spring, the tree can be sprayed with a solution of urea. During the second procedure, the root method is used. You can add superphosphate, as well as ammonium nitrate. Repeat such dressings before and after flowering.
Disease and pest resistance
The culture has good immunity, but is susceptible to any fungal infection, with the exception of clasterosporia. And also the apricot tree can be attacked by insect pests. Therefore, among the mandatory agrotechnical measures, preventive treatments with insecticides and fungicides are provided.
Winter hardiness and the need for shelter
Orlovchanin is not at all afraid of sudden temperature changes, adult apricot trees are able to withstand a cold snap down to -35 °. Young seedlings are more sensitive to frost, therefore, in the first years after planting, they will need shelter for the winter.
